Global Governance - (WOW Facts)

Question 1

What was the total value of global FDI flows in 2023, and how did it change compared to 2022?

Answer 1

US$1.3 trillion in 2023, down 2% from 2022

Source: UNCTAD

Question 2

How much FDI flowed to developing countries in 2023 and how did that compare to developed economies?

Answer 2

US$867 billion to developing countries (–7%), versus a sharper contraction in developed economies

Driven by conduit transactions (Source: UNCTAD)

Question 3

As of mid 2020, how many people lived outside their country of birth?

Answer 3

281 million people (3.6% of the world population)

Question 4

What was the value of world merchandise trade in 2023, and what is the WTO’s growth forecast for 2024?

Answer 4

US$24.0 trillion in 2023 (–1.1%); forecast +2.7% growth in 2024

Question 5

How large was global trade in services in 2023 and how did it change from 2022?

Answer 5

US$7.54 trillion, up 9%

Question 6

How many people were online in 2023, and what percentage of the global population does this represent?

Answer 6

5.4 billion people, 67% of the global population

Question 7

Approximately how many TNCs operate globally, and how many foreign affiliates do they have?

Answer 7

82,000 TNCs with 810,000 foreign affiliates

Question 8

What share of world GDP and global employment do TNCs account for?

Answer 8

Over 10% of world GDP and around 78 million employees

Question 9

Give two key stats for The Coca Cola Company’s global scale.

Answer 9

• Operations in >200 countries
• ~1.9 billion servings daily
• 2022 revenues US$43 billion
• Workforce 82,500

Question 10

How do unequal FDI and trade flows reinforce global inequalities?

Answer 10

Major economies (US, China, EU) can shape systems to their advantage, limiting market access and revenues for least developed countries

Question 11

Which five economies together account for over 50% of world merchandise exports?

Answer 11

• United States
• EU
• China
• Japan
• India

Question 12

What tariff barriers do sub Saharan Africa and parts of Latin America face versus OECD countries?

Answer 12

Over 10% on manufactured goods vs. 2–4% for OECD

Question 13

By how much could regional trade agreements boost intra regional trade?

Answer 13

20–30%

Question 14

What proportion of Vietnam’s exports are in electronics and garments global value chains?

Answer 14

75%

Question 15

What are the UN’s regular and peacekeeping budgets for 2024–25?

Answer 15

• US$3.7 billion (regular)
• US$5.6 billion (peacekeeping)

Question 16

How many Parties and consultative (voting) members does the Antarctic Treaty System have?

Answer 16

58 Parties, 29 with consultative status

Question 17

Name the three key instruments of the Antarctic Treaty System.

Answer 17

• Antarctic Treaty (1959)
• Protocol on Environmental Protection (1991)
• IWC Whaling Moratorium (1982)

Question 18

What is Antarctica’s area and maximum ice thickness?

Answer 18

~14.2 million km²; up to 4 km of ice (≈30 million km³ freshwater)

Question 19

By how much has the Antarctic Peninsula warmed over the past 50 years?

Answer 19

Nearly 3 °C (five times the global average)

Question 20

How much ice did Antarctica lose between 1992–2017, and what sea level rise did this contribute?

Answer 20

2,720 ± 1,390 Gt of ice, ~0.30 mm/yr sea level rise

Question 21

What is the estimated biomass of Antarctic krill, and what seasonal catch limit does CCAMLR set?

Answer 21

60–420 million tonnes (best ~379 million); catch limit 620,000 tonnes (~0.16% of biomass)

Question 22

How have actual krill catches changed from 2007 to 2023?

Answer 22

From 104,728 tonnes (2007) to 498,000 tonnes (2023)

Question 23

Which NGOs monitor and campaign for Antarctic protection?

Answer 23

• Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC)
• WWF
• among others