Global Issues Flashcards

(16 cards)

1
Q

Define background extinction

A

Natural ongoing extinction of species due to natural ecological processes like environmental changes

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2
Q

Define mass extinction

A
  • major disturbance to planet causing extinction rates to rise 100s or 1000s of times above background level
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3
Q

Main causes of the current biodiversity crisis

A

Human activity:
Habitat destruction
Hunting and poaching
Overfishing
Competition for invasive species
Pollution
Climate change

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4
Q

How do the IUCN Red List categorise species by threat level x7

A

Least concern, near threatened, vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, extinct in wild, extinct

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5
Q

Evaluate different strategies for prioritising conservation funding (including flagship, keystone and EDGE species)

A

EDGE- evolutionary distinct:how unique/unusual the genome of species is
Globally endangered: more threatened more important to conserve

Flagship- attract marketing/donations but not saving species that benefit to their ecosystem

Keystone: vital to the ecosystem, if lost the whole ecosystem would collapse and more species would be lost

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6
Q

Define birth rate

A

Number of babies born yearly per 1000 people

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7
Q

Define death rate

A

Number of deaths yearly per 1000 people

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8
Q

Define fertility rate

A

Number of children born per woman

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9
Q

Define replacement fertility rate

A

Number of babies being born that are needed to maintain a stable population- 2.1 is the replacement rate fertility

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10
Q

Define life expectancy

A

Average age a person is expected to live

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11
Q

Relationship between population growth and consumption

A

Population- increasing demand for resources
Increases consumption

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12
Q

Influence of improvement to healthcare on fertility rates

A

Decreases since more adequate healthcare, so less child deaths and therefore less babies

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13
Q

Influence of reductions of child mortality on fertility rates

A

If more children die fertility rates increase as women have more babies

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14
Q

Influence of economic development on fertility rates

A

Less developed- less healthcare- higher fertility rate

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15
Q

Influence of urbanisation on fertility rates

A

Fertility rate decreases as less children needed as work force eg. Working on farms

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16
Q

Influence of increased gender equality on fertility rates

A

Women get more employment and education opportunities means they focus on life goals rather than kids