Global Issues in Diseases Related to Food and Water

Question 1

Often implicated as the “proximate” cause of food shortage

Answer 1

Drought

Question 2

Infant diarrhea post-weaning is a leading

Answer 2

Global health problem

Question 3

Increases the risk of infant death from malnutrition

Answer 3

Early weaning

Question 4

What is the simple treatment solution for the diarrhea problem?

Answer 4

Potable water, sanitation, teaching hygiene, and Rota virus immunization

Question 5

Classified as mortality in the first year of life

Answer 5

Infant mortality

Question 6

The most important cause of infant mortality in developing areas

Answer 6

Diarrhea

Question 7

The most important infectious causes of diahrrea are, in approximate order of importance

Answer 7

Rotavirus, Shigella and Salmonella, enteropathogenic E. Coli

Question 8

Two toxins that can cause bacterial food poisoning are from

-Onset within hours

Answer 8

Staph and Shiga

Question 9

We can also see food poisoning from

-Onset within 1-5 days

Answer 9

Infectious colonization (E. Coli O157:H7)

Question 10

The CDC estimates that the number one cause of food poisoning from bacterial infection is from

Answer 10

Norovirus

Question 11

The most common cause of food poisoning that leads to death is from

Answer 11

Listeria

Question 12

A boiling water canner does not kill

Answer 12

C. botulinum spores

Question 13

However, we can eliminate spores while canning by using a

Answer 13

Pressure canner

Question 14

Virtually eliminated in developed countries by 1950s but is common in areas without pasteurization

Answer 14

Bovine tuberculosis

Question 15

Widely implemented in US mainly to kill bovine TB organism

Answer 15

Pasteurization

Question 16

The sale of raw milk in stores is legal in

Answer 16

13 states

Question 17

Syndrome of Gasteroenteritis with fever, Bacteremia (sepsis), Meningitis, Pregnancy complications & Fetal death

Answer 17

Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes)

Question 18

The incidence rate of listeriosis is

Answer 18

0.3 cases per 100,000

Question 19

A major source of listeriosis outbreaks is

Answer 19

Hummus

Question 20

Halophilic and is naturally present in warm sea water

Answer 20

Vibrio vulnificus

Question 21

Uncommon but also under-reported

Answer 21

V. vulnificus

Question 22

Only About 100 -200 cases per year

-BUT UP TO 37% case fatality rate

Answer 22

Vibrio vulnificus

Question 23

The main route for vibrio vulnificus, i.e. vibriosis infection is

Answer 23

Raw seafood

Question 24

There is no person to person transmission of

Answer 24

Vibriosis

Question 25

The latency of salmonella is

Answer 25

12-72 hours

Question 26

About 20 million CASES AND 200,000 DEATHS PER YEAR

Answer 26

Salmonella enterica (serotype Typhi)

Question 27

Secretes a toxin that causes severe gastroenteritis

Answer 27

Vibrio cholera

Question 28

Characterized by rapid water loss, dehydration, and rice-water stools

Answer 28

Vibrio cholera

Question 29

A food handler with staph infection of fingers can contaminate food with enterotoxin-producing

Answer 29

Staph

Question 30

Is heat stable

Answer 30

Staph enterotoxin

Question 31

Causes approximately 20 deaths/yr in the US

Answer 31

E. Coli (O157:H7)

Question 32

Hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure (uremia), and low platelet count following bloody diarrhea caused by E. Coli O157

Answer 32

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Question 33

Infection with E. Coli O157 leads to endothelial damage from

Answer 33

Shiga-like toxin

Question 34

Polio transmission most often through contact with

Answer 34

Infected stool

Question 35

Wild polio virus occurs in sewage contaminated

Answer 35

Water

Question 36

The most common cause of severe, dehydrating diarrhea among children worldwide -Double-stranded RNA virus

Answer 36

Rotavirus

Question 37

Infects via the fecal-oral route

Answer 37

Rotavirus

Question 38

Since 2006, there has been a 50% reduction in diarrheal deaths in children <5 year related to

Answer 38

Rota vaccine

Question 39

A single-stranded RNA virus with no envelope -Incubation 1-2 days/duration 1-3 days

Answer 39

Noroviruses

Question 40

A fomite because it can survive ex vivo for 2 weeks

Answer 40

Norovirus

Question 41

CDC estimates > 21 million cases of acute gastroenteritis each year are due to

Answer 41

Norovirus infection

Question 42

Common Source Exposures –Restaurants and catered meals (36%) –nursing homes (23%) –schools (13%) –vacation settings or cruise ships (10%).

Answer 42

Norovirus

Question 43

Shellfish in contaminated waters are main concern for -also infects via the fecal-oral route

Answer 43

Hepatitis A

Question 44

A vulnerable population for hep A is the

Answer 44

Homeless

Question 45

Which two parasites cause acute gastroenteritis?

Answer 45

Giardia and amoeba

Question 46

An example of a tropical disease greatly reduced by public health interventions -Found in the drinking water in Africa

Answer 46

Dracunculiasis: Dracunculus medinensis

Question 47

Traditional removal of a Guinea worm consists of winding the worm around a piece of gauze or small stick and

Answer 47

Manually extracting it

Question 48

There is no vaccine and no effective drugs for

Answer 48

Dracunculiasis

Question 49

What is a problematic pesticide in California watermelons

Answer 49

Temik

Question 50

Minamata disease is the result of

Answer 50

Methylmercury poisoning

Question 51

The best compromise of high PUFA and low methylmercury

Answer 51

Salmon

Question 52

There have also been cases of endocrine disrupting chemicals in

Answer 52

Water

Question 53

What is an example of an endocrine disruptor?

Answer 53

Bisphenol A

Question 54

The food-disparagement laws grew out of a 1989 CBS-TV "60 Minutes" report on the pesticide -Used to ripen apples

Answer 54

ALAR