Global Resource Consumption and Security Flashcards
What is poverty?
The lack of access to basic necessities in life such as food, shelter and healthcare and extreme poverty is families that have access to less than $2.15/day
How can poverty be reduced?
Create job opportunities
Provide direct assistance (e.g cash transfers, food aid)
Improving access to healthcare and education
Education of women
Top down or bottom up aid
Reduce corruption
Fair trade
Address systematic issues e.g discrimination, inequality, social exclusion
What global progress has there been towards poverty reduction?
UNs Sustainable Development Goal number 1 is to ‘end povetry in all forms’ by 2030. There has been significant progress as over 1 billion people have moved out of extreme poverty and the % of the world living in poverty has decreased from 46% in ‘68 to 8.5% in 2019. However, 2020-21 increase in people in extreme poverty due to economic impact of covid. Only area in the world that has experienced growth in extreme poverty is sub-saharan africa.
SDG unlikely to be achieved
This poverty reduction has lead to increase in incomes as 2.5 billion people have moved into the new global middle class and 4 billion in the fragile middle class. The SDGs all contribute to reduction in poverty if reached
What percentage of the sustainable development goals are likely to be achieved?
Only 15% of SDGs on track
What is the definition of ‘middle class’?
It is dependent for where in the world you are it’s $10-$100 a day but for some LIDCs it can be as low as $4/day
What are the implications of the rise in the middle classes?
Increased resource consumption worldwide as increase in disposable income. Between 2009-15 sales of cars and motorbikes increased by 800+%
Strain on finite resources meaning more mining
Increase in tertiary and Quaternary sector development
Higher quality of life
Increased water scarcity and decrease in food security as increased consumption
Where is the rise of the middle classes occurring the most?
Middle class is someone who earns or spends $10-100/day in Asia and MECs
Asia is under sufficient industrialisation w/ china driving their ‘open door policy’
Asia is forecast for 1.7 billion middle class people in 2020 w/ Latin america and Africa following suit w/ rise of 181 million to 313 million and 137 million and 341 million by 2030 respectively. Worldwide 3.2 billion by 2030.
