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Global Studies, Grade 9 > Global Studies 9, Unit 1 > Flashcards

Global Studies 9, Unit 1 Flashcards

This covers chapter 2, 3, and 4 of our textbook

1
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

an arc of rich farmland in Southwest Asia, between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea.

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2
Q

City-state

A

a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit.

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3
Q

Dynasty

A

a series of rulers from a single family.

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4
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another.

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5
Q

Polytheism

A

a belief in many gods.

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6
Q

Empire

A

a political unit in which a number of peoples or countries are controlled by a single ruler.

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7
Q

Delta

A

a marshy region formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river.

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8
Q

Pharaoh

A

a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.

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9
Q

Theocracy

A

a government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure or a government controlled by religious leaders.

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10
Q

Pyramid

A

a massive structure with a rectangular base and four triangular sides, like those that were built in Egypt as burial places for Old Kingdom pharaohs.

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11
Q

Mummification

A

a process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying.

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12
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds.

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13
Q

Papyrus

A

a tall reed that grows in the Nile delta, used by the ancient Egyptians to make a paperlike material for writing on.

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14
Q

Subcontinent

A

a large landmass that forms a distinct part of a continent.

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15
Q

Monsoon

A

a wind that shifts in direction at certain times of each year.

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16
Q

Harappan Civilization

A

another name for the Indus Valley civilization that arose along the Indus River, possibly as early as 7000 B.C.; characterized by sophisticated city planning.

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17
Q

Loess

A

a fertile deposit of windblown soil.

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18
Q

Oracle bone

A

one of the animal bones or tortoise shells used by ancient Chinese priests to communicate with the gods.

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19
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority.

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20
Q

Dynastic Cycle

A

the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties.

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21
Q

Feudalism

A

a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land.

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22
Q

Indo-Europeans

A

a group of seminomadic peoples who, about 1700 B.C., began to migrate from what is now southern Russia to the Indian subcontinent, Europe, and Southwest Asia.

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23
Q

Steppes

A

dry, grass-covered plains.

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24
Q

Migration

A

the act of moving from one place to settle in another.

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25
Q

Hittites

A

an Indo-European people who settled in Anatolia around 2000 B.C.

26
Q

Anatolia

A

the Southwest Asian peninsula now occupied by the Asian part of Turkey— also called Asia Minor.

27
Q

Aryans

A

an Indo-European people who, about 1500 B.C., began to migrate into the Indian subcontinent

28
Q

Vedas

A

four collections of sacred writings produced by the Aryans during an early stage of their settlement in India.

29
Q

Brahmin

A

in Aryan society, a member of the social class made up of priests.

30
Q

Caste

A

one of the four classes of people in the social system of the Aryans who settled in India—priests, warriors, peasants or traders, and non-Aryan laborers or craftsmen.

31
Q

Mahabharata

A

a great Indian epic poem, reflecting the struggles of the Aryans as they moved south into India.

32
Q

Reincarnation

A

in Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding.

33
Q

Karma

A

in Hinduism and Buddhism, the totality of the good and bad deeds performed by a person, which is believed to determine his or her fate after rebirth.

34
Q

Jainism

A

a religion founded in India in the sixth century B.C., whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore should not be harmed.

35
Q

Enlightenment

A

in Buddhism, a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic truths about the universe.

36
Q

Nirvana

A

in Buddhism, the release from pain and suffering achieved after enlightenment.

37
Q

Minoans

A

a seafaring and trading people that lived on the island of Crete from about 2000 to 1400 B.C.

38
Q

Phoenicians

A

a seafaring people of Southwest Asia, who around 1100 B.C. began to trade and established colonies throughout the Mediterranean region.

39
Q

Torah

A

the first five books of the Hebrew Bible—the most sacred writings in the Jewish tradition.

40
Q

Monotheism

A

a belief in a single god.

41
Q

Covenant

A

a mutual promise or agreement— especially an agreement between God and the Hebrew people as recorded in the Bible.

42
Q

Israel

A

a kingdom of the united Hebrews in Palestine, lasting from about 1020 to 922 B.C.; later, the northernmost of the two Hebrew kingdoms; now, the Jewish nation that was established in Palestine in 1948.

43
Q

Judah

A

a Hebrew kingdom in Palestine, established around 922 B.C.

44
Q

Tribute

A

a payment made by a weaker power to a stronger power to obtain an assurance of peace and security.

45
Q

Hyksos

A

group of nomadic invaders from Southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.

46
Q

New Kingdom

A

the period of ancient Egyptian history that followed the overthrow of the Hyksos rulers, lasting from about 1570 to 1075 B.C.

47
Q

Kush

A

an ancient Nubian kingdom whose rulers controlled Egypt between 2000 and 1000 B.C.

48
Q

Meroë

A

center of the Kush dynasty from about 250 B.C. to A.D. 150; known for its manufacture of iron weapons and tools

49
Q

Assyria

A

a Southwest Asian kingdom that controlled a large empire from about 850 to 612 B.C.

50
Q

Medes

A

a Southwest Asian people who helped to destroy the Assyrian Empire.

51
Q

Chaldeans

A

a Southwest Asian people who helped to destroy the Assyrian Empire.

52
Q

Satrap

A

a governor of a province in the Persian Empire.

53
Q

Royal Road

A

a road in the Persian Empire, stretching over 1,600 miles from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia.

54
Q

Filial piety

A

respect shown by children for their parents and elders.

55
Q

Bureaucracy

A

a system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of government.

56
Q

Daoism

A

a philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese thinker Laozi, who taught that people should be guided by a universal force called the Dao (Way).

57
Q

Legalism

A

a Chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order.

58
Q

I Ching

A

a Chinese book of oracles, consulted to answer ethical and practical problems.

59
Q

yin and yang

A

in Chinese thought, the two powers that govern the natural rhythms of life.

60
Q

Qin Dynasty

A

a short-lived Chinese dynasty that replaced the Zhou Dynasty in the third century B.C.

61
Q

Autocracy

A

a government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner.

Global Studies, Grade 9 (4 decks)

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