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Global Tourism Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

define tourism

A

activities of tourists either international or domestic

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2
Q

domestic tourism

A

tourism within a tourist’s own country

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3
Q

international tourism

A

tourism outside of own country

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4
Q

define tourists

A

people who go to & stay in places outside their own environment for >24h but <1 year

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5
Q

8 types of tourism [e.g. dark]

A

honeypot, dark, pilgrimage, heritage, MICE, medical, theme park, film induced

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6
Q

describe honeypot tourism and give a example

A

attract people b/c site scenic beauty
ex: grand canyon, eiffel tower

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7
Q

describe MICE tourism and give a example

A

Meeting, Incentives, Conventions, Events
ex: marina bay sands expo & convention centre

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8
Q

describe medical tourism and give a example

A

undergo medical procedures to enhance/restore health
ex: south korea, plastic surgery

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9
Q

describe theme park tourism and give a example

A

amusement park w/ central theme based on film, history/education
ex: disneyland shanghai

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10
Q

describe heritage tourism and give a example

A

experience culture, understand history
ex: great wall of china

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11
Q

describe film-induced tourism and give a example

A

visit locations in films
ex: avatar in zhangjiajie national park

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12
Q

describe dark tourism and give a example

A

associated with death/tragedy
ex: auschwitz, poland concentration camp

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13
Q

describe pilgrimage tourism and give a example

A

take part in religious activity
ex: mecca, saudi arabia

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14
Q

3 groups of people in promoting tourism

A

media
govt
international organisations

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15
Q

What is media?

A

channels through which news & info are communicated to public

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16
Q

How does media influence people’s decision to visit a place?

A

positive report, e.g. interesting culture/scenery can encourage people to visit, vice versa

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17
Q

examples on media promoting/affecting tourism

A

kidnapping of tourists at Singamata reef resort, sabah malaysia, deter visitors
nai harn beach thailand one of top 10 beaches in 2015 travellers choice

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18
Q

how does govt. play a role in tourism?

A

attract tourists & extend length of stay
set up agencies, ensure visitors’ safety
involved in funding & building tourist structure

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19
Q

Example of govt promoting tourism

A

Singapore Tourism Board is govt agency, facilitates investment of tourism business

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20
Q

how does international organisations promote tourism?

A

different countries work together to meet needs of economic development & environmental sustainability

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21
Q

examples of international organisations:

A

OECD, org. of economic cooperation & development:
produce guidelines and job opportunities
UNWTO, united nations world tourism org:
improve global tourism knowledge
WHO:
provide situation updates and health advisories

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22
Q

3 reasons for growth of global tourism

A

development in technology
demand factors
destination factors

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23
Q

2 FACTORS due to development in tech which promoted growth in tourism

A

better & affordable transport
ease of access to info

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24
Q

elaborate on better and affordable transport

A

improved safety, short travelling time, low costs
commercial airlines in 1950 vs now
can have non-stop flying, larger fuel, more comfortable, more seat accomodations

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25
explain how ease of access to info promote growth of global tourism
online booking & research less hassle, more available & accessible people feel safer
26
3 demand factors that promote growth of tourism
higher disposable income changing lifestyle increase in leisure time
27
EXAMPLE of how ease of access to info promote tourism
major airlines such as singapore airlines thai airways, jetstar allow booking and arrangements to be done easily
28
define disposable income
amount of income left to a person after to spend paying taxes
29
How does higher disposable income lead to growth in global tourism?
high income means people can spend more on goods services/activities that improve quality of life
30
How does increase in leisure time lead to growth in global tourism?
longer weekend breaks , travel plans are more common
31
define leisure time
part of a day, week or year when people have no work commitments
32
define changing lifestyle
change in way people live throughout their lifetime from generation to generation
33
how does changing lifestyle promote tourism?
rapid economic growth -> faster pace of life people more inclined to travel as way to relax & take break from work
34
how does changing lifestyle promote tourism?
35
3 destination factors that promote growth of global tourism
Attractions investment in infrastructure and services access to info
36
define attractions
features/qualities that can be natural/ man-made that makes a place enjoyable/interesting
37
Example of attractions that promote tourism
dubai's burj al-arab palm islands
38
4 main factors that lead to regional fluctuations and affect tourism
Disasters recession political situations diseases
39
How does disasters affect tourism?
discourage tourists b/c fear for own safety disrupt essential tourist infrastructure
40
example of disaster affecting tourism
2011 japan earthquake and tohoku nuclear meltdown significant drop in tourists from 8.2M to 6.2M
41
how does recession affect tourism?
people may lose their jobs, less disp income, save money, less likely to travel e.g. greece morroco egypt, tourist stay for shorter time
42
define recession
period of general slowdown in economic actvities
43
How does political situations affect tourism?
poses danger to tourists as conflict can disrupt services, destroy infrastructure
44
how does disease affect tourism?
Tourists do not want to be infected events postponed/cancelled
45
3 +ve impacts of tourism [economic]
employment opportunities growth in income development in infrastructure & facilities
46
4 -ve impact of tourism [economic]
economic leakages seasonal unemployment shortage of services underuse of facilities
47
elaborate on employment opportunities
growth in tourism industry creates many direct jobs e.g. hotel operators, souvenir shops and indirect jobs e.g. taxi driver, restaurants
48
elaborate on growth in income
growth in tourism generates more revenue for countries from spending of money by tourists
49
elaborate on economic leakages
50
elaborate on seasonal unemployment
certain tourist activities are affected by climatic conditions->>jobs might be unavailable after a season
51
example of seasonal unemployment
sapporo japan, mountain ski resort operators from dec to feb, for activities such as skiing and snowboarding
52
elaborate underuse of facilities
facilities built specifically for certain events may become underused
53
example on underuse of facilities
2008 summer olympic games bejing, deteriorated needed maintenance cost
54
1 positive impact of tourism [socio-cultural]
preservation of culture & local customs
55
2 -ve impact of tourism [socio-cultural]
dilution of culture & local customs increase in crime
56
elaborate preservation of culture
preservation can help locals to learn more about history of country and stronger sense of belonging
57
example for preservation of culture and local custom
christ church in malacca, malaysia,relic of colonial rule
58
elaborate on dilution of culture
local cultural activities and religious rituals modified to suit tourists, not authentic, become commercialised
59
elaborate on increased crime
tourists are easy target for scamming/ cheating
60
positive impact of tourism [environmental]
conservation of natural environments
61
-ve impact of tourism [environmental]
increased congestion vandalism littering and pollution destruction of habitat carbon footprint [common sense]
62
example of vandalism
great wall of china 10M people go per year, thousands of stones covered in graffiti
63
example of destruction of habitat
Red Sea Coast Egypt, 1.2M tourist go snorkelling, damage reef
64
example of carbon footprints increment
passenger from sg to kl is 30kg of CO2
65
2 types of tensions caused by tourism
tension between tourist & local tourist & environment
66
example of tensions between tourists & locals
bali indonesia, island received 2.9M visitors, only have 4.2M locals. locals will experience shortage of services
67
example of tensions between tourists & environment.
Machu Picchu, Peru. 3300 tourist per day, use 'inca trail' b/c of scenic view, however they eroded trail and leave behind trash
68
what are the groups responsible for protecting tourist areas?
local visitor tour operator non governmental organisations planning authorities
69
elaborate on how visitor should behave to manage tourism impact.
behave responsibly, tourism sustainability group set up in 2004 for responsible tourists, Limitation: there are ignorant visitors >damage tourist site>dilute culture, identity
70
how tour operators help manage impact of tourism?
promote effort in conserving environment ex: Phuket Alternative Tours > conduct sustainable tourism L: driven by profits, ignore guidelines
71
How non-governmental organisations help manage impact of tourism?
design guidelines, support efforts of various stakeholders in managing impact of tourism ex: international ecotourism society provide training & technical assistance L: financial constraint, no funding
72
how planning authorities help manage impact of tourism?
enforce certain rules, regulation, value, principle for sustainable tourism ex: STB put effort in attracting tourist & implement measures to conserve national heritage L: stakeholders might not agree > lack of cooperation

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