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Globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

Globalisation

Giddens

A

Globalisation is the process of growing interconnectedness between countries

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2
Q

Globalisation

Harvey

A

Space-time compression, geological distances and time zones are no longer important

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3
Q

McLuhan

A

Global village

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4
Q

Virtual communities

A

Online groups of people who share interests and build relationships without necessarily being physically near to one another

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5
Q

Virtual communities

Carter

A

Studied CyberCity, found it was positive for building relationships, lots of online relationships formed and became offline relationships

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6
Q

Virtual communities

Ginsburg

A

Virtual communities offer support networks for those living with disabilities who may not be able to meet in real life

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7
Q

Virtual communities

Nakamura

A

Virtual communities have been good for muted groups, particuarly ethnic minority women as it has given them a voice

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8
Q

Virtual communities

Boelstorff

A

Virtual communities can be liberating but lack of regulation is damaging people’s relationships and mental health- second life add on

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9
Q

Virtual communities

Hughes

A

Provided another platform for patriarchal oppression

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10
Q

Virtual communities

Van Dijk

A
  • Identity and community have been shaped by both virtual communities
  • Teenagers can no longer imagine organising their social lives without social media
  • News organisations depend on Twitter for breaking news stories
  • Pop stars are being scouted on YT rather than real life
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11
Q

Media convergence

A

Range of different kinds of information can be delivered in one format

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12
Q

Media convergence

Boyle

A

Process of digitalisation allows media convergence to take place, forms of media can now be accessed on one device

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13
Q

Media convergence

Fairweather & Rogerson

A

Media convergence and the digital revolution has led to homogenisation:
- Computer software is western based
- Advertising generated by west is broadcasted globally
- Media companies are owned by few
- Advertising generated by west is broadcasted globally

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14
Q

Marxism positive

Castells

A

DSM has decentralised the power of communication as it is now organised horizontally

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15
Q

Marxism positive

Kirkpatrick

A

Social media makes it possible to mobilise huge numbers of people instantly - Facebook seen as a catalyst for revolution in Columbia, organised 10 million people in street demonstrations

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16
Q

Marxism negative

Cornford and Robins

A

Ownership of media companies is concentrated in the hands of a few major TNCs, new means of production

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17
Q

Marxism negative

Fuchs

A

Usage of technology reinforces inequality as there is a digital underclass, digital technology strengthens the power of the bourgeoisie

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18
Q

Marxism negative

Miliband

A

Social media sites focus on non-critical issues like identity, entertainment and consumption

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19
Q

Marxism negative

Surveillance

A
  • Advancements in technology are a new form of surveillance the bourgeoisie can use to control the proletariat
  • Snowden CIA leak
  • News of the World phone hacking
  • Cookie/ data collection
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20
Q

Feminism positive

Ikamara Larasi

A

Protested online for the banning of sexist song “Blurred Lines”

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21
Q

Feminism positive

Haraway

A

Women can create new forms of identity online which are not bound by traditional ideas due to anonymity

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22
Q

Feminism positive

Nakamura

A

Women from a range of ethnic minorities are gaining increasing presence online, enabling them to unite

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23
Q

Feminism positive

Bates

A

Everyday sexism project allows victims to share experiences and access support online

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24
Q

Feminism positive

Cochrane

A

DSM encourages women to build popular and reactive feminist movements

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25
# Feminism negative Women in STEM
Women are underrepresented in STEM, 31% of workforce
26
# Feminism negative Hughes
DSM offers new ways in which patriarchal ideology can exert control over women e.g buy a bride
27
# Feminism negative Arlaccki
Exploitation has been one of the most undesirable consequences of globalisation
28
# Feminism negative NSPCC
1/6 People online experienced harrassment under 18
29
# Postmodernism Collins
Individuals have different identities based on platform and onffline and online
30
# Postmodernism Baudrillard
People now find it difficult to distinguish between real life and digital versions of reality
31
# Postmodernism Case
Constant uploading of information to DSM which cannot be removed may cause problems later on in life
32
# Postmodernism Foucault
- Surveillance is the best way of regulating behaviour and reducing crime - A person who knows they are being watched is less likely to commit a crime
33
# Identity Hart
People use social media to construct social identity and the they want to project out into the world
34
# Identity Van Dijk
People are fond of mass self-communication because they believe disclosing information about personal life is linked to popularity
35
# Identity Ellison
Individuals are ablw to adopt multiple online personalities
36
# Identity + Identity- age Turkle
- Internet social networks free people of the burdens of pysical identities, allow them to present a better version of themselves - Young peoples are teathered to devices, has weakened ability to create independant sense of self
37
# Identity- age Gardner & Davis
- Young people are able to construct socially desireable selfs online - Adopt ficticious identities on different sites - Take time to uphold identity, identity performance
38
# Identity- age Twenge
Fear of negative reaction to their identity is producing rising levels of anxiety, sadness and isolation among teenagers
39
# Identity- age Shaw & Gant
Psycological health of internet users improved, decreased levels of loneliness and depression
40
# Identity- disability Ginsburg
- Digital video activism- discuss exxperiences - Support networks- Disability Rights UK - Able body avatars- removes disability online
41
# Inequalities- age Boyle
- Each successive generation is becoming icreasingly reliant on digital communication, created digital generation divide, due to different access and use of DSM - Younger people more receptive to learning new skills - Younger people place more importance on peer group and social network
42
# Inequalities- age Berry
Psycological barriers to older people using the internet as they cannot identify with much of the content
43
# Inequalities- age Prensky
Young are digital natives as internet is their natural environment,
44
# Inequalities- global divide World bank
75% World's population had access to a mobile phone
45
# Inequalities- class Digital underclass
- Knowledge gap created due to information explosion on DSM - Social networks dependant on digital communication - Education for children relies on digital communication and access to the internet
46
# Inequalities- gender Global data and statistics
- Female users more prominent on Snapchat, Pinterest and Tik Tok - Male users more prominent on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Youtube
47
# Inequalities- gender Li & Kirkup
- Men more likley than women to use email and chat rooms - Men played more computer games on consoles than women
48
# Inequalities- gender Ofcom
- Average weekly internet access adult males: 23.3 hours, adult females: 17.8 hours - Women more likely to use social media 67% to 60%
49
# Relationships- positive Granovetter
Strength of a relationship can be measured by - Amount of time spent together - Emotional intensity - Level of intimacy - Degree of reciprocity - Strong ties origionate in family and offline relationships - Online ties are weak
50
# Relationships- positive Gardner & Davis
Internet has enabled relationships as they transcend geographical and temporal barriers, allow for immediate communication
51
# Relationships- positive Miller
Social media is being used to initiate romantic relationships but can also cause it to breakdown
52
# Relationships- positive Ofcom
- 1 in 10 adults use dating websites - 69% of users are men
53
# Relationships- negative Turkle
Alone togetherness- people are in the same room but using devises to communicate with each other
54
# Relationships- negative Vincent
Twitter effect describes how online related conflicts is leading to relationship breakdowns - Conflict over time spent online - Conflict over posts/ likes
55
# Relationships- negative Granovetter
- Removal of weak online ties can do more damage than the removal of a weak tie - Removal of an strong offline tie can be replaced with a weak online tie but when a weak online tie is removed it cuts off communication
56
# Relationships- negative Turkle
- Virtual communities are increasingly replacing real communities - Familiy members spending more time interacting with gadgets is the norm
57
# Relationships- negative Livingstone
Children today communicate more with the virtual world than adult menbers of their family
58
# Conflict and change Islamic extremism
Islamic extremist groups (Taliban, Al-Qaeda and ISIS) poses internet domains which host official content and communicate with the global media
59
# Conflict and change Howard
Online communities of American fundamentalist groups were being created but has no physical leader or place of worship to attend
60
# Conflict and change Political change
- DSM offers a way for people to speak out against current regime - News in the media can be challenged - Muted groups can share experiences - Information can be shared annonymously - Can communicate immediatly and simultaneously
61
# Cultural homogenisation Fairweather & Rogerson
media convergence led to homogenisation - Computer software not glocalised - Advertising generated by the west and broadcasted globally - Universal definition of antisocial behaviour online reflects western ideas of morality and deviance - Media companies owned by few people have become our agenda setters
62
# Cultural homogenisation Cultural defence
- In China access to DSM is contolled by the state - France limited distribution of foreign media, can only shown small number of American films and must show a certain number of French films
63
# Cultural homogenisation Mohammadi
Cultural homogenisation has been exaggerated, interactions between the global and the local is ignored
64
Glocalisation
Proccess by which the global and the local become intertwined, used to describe products and services both developed and sold to global customers but also suit the needs of local markets e.g change of McDonalds menu around the world
65
# Cultural homogenisation Miller
Facebook is used differently between Britain and Trinidad, where it is called Fasbook and used as a dating site

Sociology (8 decks)

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