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Globalisation Flashcards

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1
Q

5 global flows

A

Capital ,commodities ,information,tourists,migrants

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2
Q

Capital flow

A

How money flows through markets

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3
Q

Commodities flow

A

Raw materials moving through import and export (containerisation)

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4
Q

Information flow

A

Communication between countries around the world

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5
Q

Tourists flow

A

People travelling around the world for holiday through modes of transport eg plane bus car

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6
Q

Migrants flow

A

People moving around the world to find a job

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7
Q

Define globalisation

A

The increasing interconnectedness between people around the world through the movement of global flows (capital,commodities,information,tourism and migrants)

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8
Q

Shrinking world

A

The idea that due to improvements in technology the world is more connected.Making the world feel smaller

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9
Q

Easy jet case study

A

Cheap budget airline made it easy and cheap to travel abroad.Increased globalisation.
In 2006 33 million passengers travelled with easy jet

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10
Q

Time space compression

A

How better communication makes the world feel closer and smaller

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11
Q

WTO

A

Helps developing countries and create an inclusive trade system.
Overall keep world trade stable

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12
Q

IMF

A

Maintain international financial stability in return for free market economies

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13
Q

World bank

A

Lends money on a global scale to finance economic development

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14
Q

Trade blocs

A

EU and ASEAN
Trade blocks remove restrictions and make it easier to trade

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15
Q

Free marker liberalisation

A

when a government removes restrictions on the economy allowing markets to flow better

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16
Q

Privatisation

A

when government owned industry is sold to private companies

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17
Q

SEZ

A

special economic zones are set up to attract FDI ,they are exempt to tariffs and have low tax rates.

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18
Q

Chinas open door policy 1978

A

Prior to 1978 china was poor and politically isolated due to communism
Deng Xiaoping introduced the open door policy this increased globalisation
300 million people left rural areas to go to cities
This fuelled the growth of low wage factories
China invested heavily in Africa (66 billion)
With 293 FDI projects in Africa

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19
Q

Factors affecting levels of globalisation

A

physical-the geography and infrastructure of the country will effect trade
-Political-open or closed borders,political stability and trade agreements
-economic- FDI , wealth and development and labour costs
-environmental- natural resources and climate change

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20
Q

At Kearney index

A

Ranks global engagement of cities using 5 factors: Business activity,human capital,information exchange,cultural experience and political engagement

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21
Q

KOF index

A

Measures countries globalisation by calculating an average over 3 factors economic globalisation,social globalisation and political globalisation.

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22
Q

Glocalisation

A

where a product is adapted to fit its environment eg:mcspicy paneer in India

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23
Q

Outsourcing

A

when TNCs contact another company to produce goods for them rather then doing it themselves as it’s cheaper

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24
Q

Offshoring

A

when TNCs move parts of their production to other countries to reduce labour costs

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25
Switched off country
Physical reasons:eg landlocked makes trade difficult and harsh climate makes it hard to grow crops Political reasons:eg North Korea run by a dictator who chooses to exclude the country from the global economy Economic trade reasons:if a country has alot of debt its not able to spend on infrastructure so will be switched off Environmental reasons:if a country lacks energy resources to trade or use for manufacturing it could be switched off Social reasons:poor education will discourage TNC from investing resulting in switched off country
26
Global shift
The movement of the global economic centre of gravity. Caused by the outsourcing and offshoring of manufacturing(China) and services(India).
27
Pros of global shift
sped up industry -increased education -cheaper imports -loss of industry better for environment -infrastructure Investment
28
Cons of global shift
-Exploitation of people and resources -health and safety issues -unplanned settlements
29
rural to urban migration
Movement of people from rural areas eg countryside to urban areas eg city
30
Rapid urban growth has caused:
Informal settlements to form Limited water supply Poor sanitation Overcrowded transport Pollution
31
Global hub
A country with great international influence
32
Elite migration
The flow of wealthy migrants who typically invest in the country Eg:Qatari investors ,the shard ,canary wharf,harrods
33
Low wage migration
Migrants attracted to countries for labour Work in low paid and dangerous jobs eg:building stadiums and unskilled jobs
34
Cultural diffusion
The spread of cultural trends across locations
35
Cultural erosion
The loss of culture eg:loss of language,food,music Papua new guinea are experiencing this as they lose their tribal lifestyle
36
HDI
Human development index ,made up of life expectancy, GNI per capita and education
37
Gini coefficient
Measure of inequality in a country
38
Winners of globalisation
TNCs, emerging countries (China and India)
39
Distribution of development
In general countries in the northern hemisphere are more developed and post 1970 have had economic growth and they are more globalised.A shift to the tertiary and quaternary sectors allowed for higher income per capita.
40
Losers of globalisation
Rural areas Deindustrialised regions Communities facing cultural loss
41
Censorship
Countries like North Korea and China have censorship on foreign media.This limits globalisation and makes these countries more switched off.
42
First nations (Canada)
work to preserve indigenous culture by preventing oil and gas development
43
Transition towns
community led and aims to increase self-sufficiency and reduce dependence on fossil fuels
44
Fairtrade
reduces environmental degradation by promoting sustainable practices and avoiding deforestation Fairtrade reduces inequality in global trade by giving farmers a minimum price Fairtrade prohibits child labour and ensures safe working environments
45
Keep Britain tidy
NGO which encourages sustainability They prevent litter and waste Encourage recycling and reuse They protect green spaces
46
What are the causes of globalisation?
Easier flows of people and information, technological advancements, and trade agreements.
47
What is M-Pesa?
A mobile phone service launched by Safaricom that allows credit to be directly transferred between phone users.
48
What impact did the Ever Given incident have on the economy?
It caused significant economic disruption and affected many businesses.
49
What is the role of the WTO?
Helps countries improve their trade capacity.
50
What does the IMF do?
Promotes financial stability and provides advice and development support.
51
What is the purpose of the World Bank?
To reduce poverty by lending money to governments for economic development.
52
What are trade blocs?
Groups like the EU and ASEAN that eliminate trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas.
53
What was China's 1978 Open Door policy?
Allowed foreign direct investment, making China the workshop of the world.
54
Which country is described as 'switched off' from globalisation?
North Korea.
55
What is outsourcing?
When TNCs move production to countries with cheaper labor.
56
What environmental problems has China faced due to industrialisation?
Serious pollution and environmental degradation.
57
What are megacities?
Cities that have grown due to urban opportunities, often with significant wealth disparities.
58
What is elite migration?
The movement of super-rich individuals to cities like London, impacting local economies.
59
Fill in the blank: Mass low wage economic migration often involves workers moving from _______ to Qatar.
Nepal.
60
What is cultural diffusion?
The spread of culture, including language, food, and traditions.
61
How did the Paralympics influence awareness for disadvantaged groups?
Improved visibility and opportunities for athletes globally.
62
What is cultural erosion?
The loss of traditional cultures and lifestyles due to globalization.
63
What tensions can arise from mixed societies?
Rise of extremism and conflicts over resources like water.
64
How do countries like China and North Korea control the spread of globalization?
Through censorship and limiting immigration.
65
What is the goal of First Nations in Canada regarding globalization?
To retain cultural identity.
66
What ethical concerns are recognized in relation to globalization?
Unsustainability and environmental impacts.

Globalisation (2 decks)

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