Globalisation

Question 1

Globalisation

Answer 1

Refers to the increasing interconnectedness of societies across the world.

Question 2

Name 5 features of globalisation

Answer 2

• Technological development
• Economic change
• Political change
• Cultural change
• Migration

Question 3

Globalisation & Technological development

Answer 3

New technologies have made it easier to connect over long distances.It has created a Time-Space compression.

Question 4

Globalisation & Economic change

Answer 4

Economic activity now takes place on a globalscale in a 24 hour system. The growth of transnational companies and an electronic economy.

Question 5

Globalisation & Political change

Answer 5

Globalisation has undermined the power of the nation state. We now live in a borderless world (Ohmae). In some cases TNC’s have more power than governments.

Question 6

Globalisation & Cultural change

Answer 6

We now live in a global culture created by mass media and the internet that has led to the westernisation of the world.

Question 7

Globalisation & Migration

Answer 7

People are moving more freely within and between countries for economic and personal reasons.

Question 8

Glocalisation

Answer 8

Adapting global media and cultural products to fit local tastes and norms, blending global influences with local traditions, making global culture more relevant to specific communities.

Question 9

Name the 9 components of culture

Answer 9

• Norms
• Values
• Nationality
• Traditions
• Beliefs
• Language
• Clothing
• The Arts
• Food

Question 10

Components of culture: Norms

Answer 10

Socially accepted behaviours and rules that guide how individuals should act in specific situations within a culture.

Question 11

Components of culture: Values

Answer 11

Deeply held ideals or principles that shape what a society considers important, right, or desirable.

Question 12

Components of culture: Nationality

Answer 12

The legal identity associated with belonging to a specific nation, shaping individual and collective identity.

Question 13

Components of culture: Traditions

Answer 13

Long-established customs or practices passed down through generations, contributing to a group’s cultural identity.

Question 14

Components of culture: Beliefs

Answer 14

Accepted convictions or individuals or groups, often influencing behaviour, values, and worldview.

Question 15

Components of culture: Language

Answer 15

A system of communication, spoken or written, through which members of a culture express ideas and interact.

Question 16

Components of culture: Clothing

Answer 16

The style of dress that reflects cultural identity, social norms, climate, and individual or group expression.

Question 17

Components of culture: The Arts

Answer 17

Creative expressions, including music, literature, and visual arts, that reflect and shape cultural values and identities.

Question 18

Components of culture: Food

Answer 18

The culinary practices and dishes associated with a culture, reflecting traditions, geography, and societal norms.

Question 19

What are the 4 types of culture

Answer 19

• Dominant culture
• High culture
• Mass culture
• Folk culture

Question 20

Dominant culture

Answer 20

The prevailing values, norms, and practices shared by the most powerful group in society, influencing mainstream behaviour.

Question 21

High culture

Answer 21

Cultural products and activities seen as superior, associated with intellectuals and elites, including fine arts, literature, and classical music.

Question 22

Mass culture

Answer 22

Commercially produced culture consumed by the masses, often seen as low-quality, including popular media, entertainment, and fashion.

Question 23

Folk culture

Answer 23

Traditional practices, customs, and beliefs passed down through generations, typically rooted in rural, pre-industrial communities.

Question 24

Culture

Answer 24

The way of life in a given society binds its members together and provides a map of meaning for its members.

Question 25

How has media changed the sources of personal identity, according to postmodernists?

Answer 25

Media and popular culture now influence identity more than traditional factors like family, social class, or ethnicity.

Question 26

How does media-driven consumer culture define identity in postmodern society?

Answer 26

Identity and status are shaped by purchasing choices and desires promoted through media.

Question 27

What does postmodernist Strinati (1995) argue about media and cultural boundaries?

Answer 27

Strinati claims media has blurred the distinction between high and popular culture, increasing consumer choice.

Question 28

How has global media influenced lifestyle and identity, according to postmodernist Strinati?

Answer 28

Through the spread of brands and imagery on platforms like Facebook and YouTube, shaping personal lifestyles.

Question 29

What is meant by hybridisation in postmodernist thought?

Answer 29

The blending of global and local cultures, producing diverse, hybrid cultural forms through media.

Question 30

How has media saturation impacted belief in meta-narratives according to postmodernists?

Answer 30

It leads to rejection of absolute truths, encouraging the view that knowledge is relative and diverse

Question 31

What cultural shift results from rejecting meta-narratives?

Answer 31

People become more media-literate, critical, and open to varied worldviews, fostering global participation.

Question 32

What is participatory culture?

Answer 32

A culture where users actively create, share, and influence media content rather than passively consume it.

Question 33

What does postmodernist Jenkins (2008) say about participatory culture?

Answer 33

Jenkins argues global participatory culture empowers users to shape media and challenge dominant narratives.

Question 34

How does postmodernist Shirky (2011) link social media to democracy?

Answer 34

Shirky claims social media allows audiences to interact, collaborate, and challenge traditional power structures.

Question 35

How does participatory culture affect global community building?

Answer 35

It forms global networks through shared content, collective action, and collaboration across borders

Question 36

What does postmodernist Murthy (2013) say about Twitter’s role in protest?

Answer 36

Murthy argues Twitter increases political awareness and enables global attention to social justice issues.

Question 37

How does postmodernist Spencer-Thomas (2008) see the impact of global media on protest?

Answer 37

He suggests mobile and digital media help organise mass protests and spread real-time info on human rights abuses.

Question 38

What is the role of global media in popular protest?

Answer 38

It enhances awareness, mobilisation, and the global visibility of movements challenging power and injustice.

Question 39

In postmodern thought, what replaces traditional identity markers like class or ethnicity?

Answer 39

Media-influenced lifestyle choices and consumer preferences.

Question 40

What is one criticism of participatory culture from a postmodernist angle?

Answer 40

It may only simulate democracy, as not all users have equal access or influence in shaping dominant narratives.

Question 41

Name 3 evaluations on the postmodernist theories of how media globalisation has impacted culture

Answer 41

- Exaggerated social change - Limited consumption choice - Digital divide

Question 42

Evaluation of postmodernism: Exaggerated social change

Answer 42

Postmodernists overstate the impact of media globalization, ignoring the persistence of traditional cultural influences and structures.

Question 43

Evaluation of postmodernism: Limited consumption choice

Answer 43

Media globalization offers the illusion of choice, but content is often controlled by a few powerful corporations, limiting diversity.

Question 44

Evaluation of postmodernism: Digital divide

Answer 44

Postmodernists overlook how unequal access to technology creates a divide, leaving marginalized groups excluded from global media participation.

Question 45

Cultural Imperialism: Marxists as global pessimists

Answer 45

- Media globalization spreads capitalist values - Promotes commodity fetishism - Creates false needs - Encourages conspicuous consumption - Undermines local cultures and fuels global consumerism

Question 46

Cultural Imperialism: Cultural homogenisation

Answer 46

Global media spreads dominant cultures, marginalizing local traditions, leading to homogenization and loss of cultural diversity worldwide.

Question 47

Cultural Imperialism: Coca-colonisation

Answer 47

Global brands like Coca-Cola spread Western consumer culture, erasing local cultural identities and promoting uniformity across societies.

Question 48

Cultural Imperialism: Fundamental Backlash

Answer 48

Globalization provokes resistance from traditionalist or fundamentalist groups, who view it as a threat to their cultural and religious values.

Question 49

Cultural Imperialism: Fallacy of choice

Answer 49

Global media presents the illusion of consumer choice, but most content is controlled by a few conglomerates, limiting diversity.

Question 50

Cultural Imperialism: Civic Disengagement/Commodity fetishism

Answer 50

Global media encourages individualism and virtual interactions, reducing face-to-face community engagement and weakening civic participation and social cohesion.

Question 51

Cultural Imperialism: Americanisation

Answer 51

Americanisation in media globalization spreads U.S. culture worldwide, driven by media conglomeration, where few corporations dominate global content.

Question 52

Name the sociologists behind americanisation

Answer 52

Fenton & Flew

Question 53

Name the sociologists behind fallacy of choice

Answer 53

Fuch

Question 54

Name the sociologists behind Civic Disengagement/Commodity fetishism

Answer 54

Turkle

Question 55

Conspicuous consumption

Answer 55

Buying stuff for status

Question 56

Cultural Imperialism: Mcdonaldisation

Answer 56

- Local cultural diversity is eroded - The world is becoming increasingly standardised and low skilled

Question 57

Name the sociologists behind mcdonaldisation

Answer 57

Ritzer

Question 58

Name David & Held's 3 evaluation of cultural imperialism

Answer 58

- Assumes the flow of culture is one way - Ignores hybridisation of culture - Underestimates the power and strength of local cultures

Question 59

Evaluation of cultural imperialism: Assumes the flow of culture is one way

Answer 59

Cultural imperialism overlooks how cultures interact, assuming dominant cultures simply impose without reciprocal influence.

Question 60

Evaluation of cultural imperialism: Ignores hybridisation of culture

Answer 60

It fails to recognize how global and local cultures blend, creating hybrid cultures rather than pure dominance.

Question 61

Evaluation of cultural imperialism: Underestimates the power and strength of local cultures

Answer 61

Cultural imperialism underestimates how resilient local cultures can adapt, resist, or transform global cultural influences.

Question 62

Name the 3 ideas of cultural hybridisation

Answer 62

- Multi-directonality - Middle Ground - Responsive conglomerates

Question 63

Cultural hybridisation: Multi-directonality

Answer 63

Globalization fosters cultural exchange that moves in multiple directions, with local and global cultures influencing each other rather than a one-way flow.

Question 64

Cultural hybridisation: Middle Ground

Answer 64

Cultural hybridization creates a balance between global and local elements, blending them into new, unique cultural forms that reflect both.

Question 65

Cultural hybridisation: Responsive conglomerates

Answer 65

Media conglomerates adapt their content to local cultures, creating hybridized products that cater to local tastes while maintaining global appeal. Such as variations in McDonalds menus.

Question 66

Evaluate cultural hybridisation

Answer 66

- It masks economic inequalities, as wealthier cultures dominate, exploiting local traditions. - Encourages exotic consumerism, where diverse cultures are commodified for profit - Leads to cultural appropriation, where elements are taken without respect or understanding.