Globalisation 3.7-3.9 Flashcards
what are economic measures of development
income per capita - taking aggregate source of income and dividing it by pop size
economic sector balance - economy divided into four sectors who relative importance changes as a country develops
what are pros and cons of income per capita
pros - can compare between countries when converted to $
cons - can give misleading high figures if large numbers of high earners
- hard to account for all GDP as unregistered work in informal sectors
what are social measures of development
human development index - ranks countries according to range of criteria
gender inequality - measures using reproductive health, empowerment and labour force participation
what are pros and cons of HDI
pros - uses a combination of 3 indicators
- cant be distorted by a minority
cons - doesn’t indicate the level of education
- some countries don’t provide data so comparisons cant always be made
how can economic development link to social development
- fair trade and microloans assist farmers in growing and selling crops
- allows for more time and money (younger people) so can attend schools and pay for meals
- poverty reduction with higher pay and better quality of life
how has british culture dispersed across europe
- diaspora across the Mediterranean (relocation began in 1993 due to EU freedom movement)
- british areas established with a local ethnoscape of bars and cafes
- poor behaviour of some brits has strained cultural relations
What happened to the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta (indigenous people and globalisation)
- suffered as shell brought poverty, environmental devastation and human rights abuse -> oil spills and gas flaring
- the nonviolent Ogoni movement was campaigned against by shell resulting in several Ogonis being shot
- after various court cases found shell supported ‘security operations’ (raids)
What are transition towns and what are some of their goals
- When local groups and NGOs come together to promote local sourcing and sustainability
Aims to - reduce consumption by reusing items
- reduce waste, pollution and environmental damage
- meeting needs through local production
What are social, economic and environmental positives created by transition towns
- shifting production closer to home reduces C02 emissions
- TOTNES pound aimed to keep money circulating in the community building new relationships
- multiplier effect allows local people to gain employment through local economy
What are social, economic and environmental negatives created by transition towns
- strategies like TOTNES pound threaten global economic growth by reducing demand from overseas
- buying local increases deforestation as more land is needed for the same amount
- fair trade risks overproduction which will cause prices to fall leaving them no better off
What is ethical consumption
a financial exchange where the consumer has consider the social and environmental costs of production for food, goods and services
What happened with the Rana Plaza building
- collapsed leading to the death of 1100 textile workers
- was unethical as workers were sent back into the building the same day as TNCs were trying to benefit from outsourcing
What is fair trade and what benefits and costs does it provide
A scheme offering a guaranteed higher income to farmers and some manufacturers
- lets shoppers know what they spend goes back to the workers
- hard to ensure money has been correctly distributed
How has NGO action benefited Tesco employees, however why are the limited
- charity helped fruit pickers in South Africa speak directly to a Tesco stakeholder about having no toilets
- limited financial resources result in slow progress of raising awareness of ethical issues
What is the circular economy approach (aims and what does it mean)
- an approach to sustainable development calling for careful management of materials
- aims to restore worlds wilderness using renewable materials
- means moving away from worlds current enormously waste full economic model of production and consumption
