Globalisation

Question 1

Define transnational corporations

Answer 1

Businesses whose operations are spread across the world, operating in many nations as both makers and sellers of goods and services. Many of the largest are instantly recognisable “global brands” that bring cultural change to the places where products are consumed.

Question 2

Define remittances

Answer 2

Money that migrants send home to their families via formal or informal channels

Question 3

Define spatial division of labour

Answer 3

the common practice among TNCS of moving low skilled work abroad (or offshore) to places where labour costs are low. Important skilled management jobs are retained at the TNCS headquarters its origin country.

Question 4

What are large intermodal containers

Answer 4

Large capacity storage units which can be transported long distances using multiple types of transport, such as shipping and rail, without the freight being taken out of the container

Question 5

Define sovereign wealth funds

Answer 5

Government owned investment funds and banks, typically associated with China and countries with large oil revenues such as Qatar

Question 6

Define Special Economic Zones

Answer 6

An industrial area often near a coastline where favorable conditions are created to attract foreign TNC’s. These conditions include low taxes and exemption from tariffs and export duties.

Question 7

Define Offshoring

Answer 7

TNC’s move parts of their own production process to other countries to reduce the cost of labour

Question 8

Define Outsourcing

Answer 8

TNC’s contract another company to produce the goods and services they need rather than do it themselves. This can result in the growth of complex supply chains.

Question 9

Describe deindustrialisation

Answer 9

The decline of regionally important manufacturing industries. The decline can be charted either in terms of workforce numbers or output and production measures.

Question 10

Name 5 flows of globalisation

Answer 10

Capital
Commodities
Information
tourists
Migrants

Question 11

Name 4 significant dates for transport innovation

Answer 11

1492 Columbus arrived in America
1800’s Trans Siberian Railway (9000km)
1960’s Container shipping (90% of exports)
2013 Tesla’s hyperloop San Fran to L.A in 30 minutes

Question 12

Name 4 communications innovations

Answer 12

1800’s= trans atlantic boats
1970’s= GPS & satelitte’s
1980’s onwards= broadband internet
2000’s social networks like FB have over 1 billion users

Question 13

Name 2 facts about Easy Jet

Answer 13

1995=30000 passengers annually, only in UK

2014=65000000 passengers annually, 30 countries

Question 14

Describe 4 facts about mobile phones

Answer 14

2005 6% of Africans had mobiles
2015 70% of Africans had mobles
Saudi Arabia has nearly 2 phones per person
UK has 130 mobiles per 100 people

Question 15

Name 4 threats of globalisation

Answer 15

TNC’s exploit cheap labour and undermine soverign work force, e.g India, Redcar tata steel
Cultural threat, e.g. the americanisation of India
Interdependent economies, e.g. 2008 financial crisis
Young and old migrants strain social services
Threat to government ideologies, e.g. China’s communism

Question 16

Name the three main financial IGO’S

Answer 16

IMF
World Bank
WTO

Question 17

What does the IMF do?

Answer 17

Gives loans dependent on free market policies

Question 18

Name the pro’s and on’s of the IMF

Answer 18

+: encourages connections and liberalisation

-:strict, cuts health and education funding

Question 19

What does the World Bank do?

Answer 19

Gives loans, grants and support to developing countries

Question 20

Name the pro’s and con’s of the World Bank

Answer 20

+:gives grants which means less debt

-: All it’s presidents have been american

Question 21

What does the IMF do?

Answer 21

It supports liberalisation and the trade of manufactured goods

Question 22

Name pro’s and con’s of the IMF

Answer 22

+: encourages policies, no debt. It is swiss based and relatively neutral
-: Little incentive to follow the advice, eg. the US &UK use subsidies (protectionist)

Question 23

Evaluate a World Bank project

Answer 23

Akosombo Dam in Ghana
+: HEP, Helped aluminium industry, jobs created
-: Caused a flood which displaced 80000, damaged the environment

Question 24

Evaluate an IMF project

Answer 24

Greece Bail out 
\+IMF has dissaproved of the EU harsh loan terms
\+Debt Relief
-Greater auterity
-€240 billion in total costs

Question 25

Name 4 liberalist policies

Answer 25

Free market Privitasation Trade Blocks Migration

Question 26

Name 5 facts about ASEAN

Answer 26

``` 10 countries 600 million people No nuclear weapons No formal military, diplomacy instead Plans to be single market (£1.5 trillion in worth) Eased travel ```

Question 27

Name 5 facts about the EU

Answer 27

``` 28 countires 500 million people France and UK have nuclear power Formal military: 60000 shared soldiers Worth £350 billion ```

Question 28

Describe the consequences of China's 1978 globalisation

Answer 28

``` 300 miliion rural to urban migration 200 cities with populations of over 1 million residents SEZ's (4 in 1980, nearly 20 now) 400 million have escaped poverty Sez's have increased GDP by 10% ```

Question 29

Name 4 measures of globalisation

Answer 29

KOF annual Index of Globalsiation Kearney World Cities IMF report on AREAER Number of airports in a country

Question 30

What is the KOF annual index of globalisation

Answer 30

It reflects the extent of economic, social and political globalisation for 3/4 of countries

Question 31

WHAT is the Kearney World cities

Answer 31

an examination of a cites human capital, political engagement, business activity and culture

Question 32

Name 4 examples of glocalisation

Answer 32

Domino's pizza only does veggie food in India's Hindu neighbor hoods No sexualised videos on middle east MTV Mcdonaldisation UK made car's are changed for US driving

Question 33

Describe 5 ways in which the DRC is switched off to globalisation

Answer 33

``` 1/3 roads are unpaved Bad railways Mainly land locked War since 1994 2/3 children cannot reads 70% in poverty Corrupt government ```

Question 34

Describe 3 ways in which globalisation has changed the world

Answer 34

Poverty reduction: 1 billion have escaped poverty since 1990 Education: 1850 20% of the world were literate, in 2015, 85% of the world were literate Environment: the world has lost 1/2 of its natural forests

Question 35

Name 5 reasons why India is attractive for outsourcing

Answer 35

``` 2nd largest English speaking work force 2.5 million technical professionals 35000 engineers trained annually Largest global economy Good infrastructure 2009 US$60 billion made in India from outsourcing ```

Question 36

Name 4 statistics on UK migration

Answer 36

2014, 14 million refugees 2013 250 million from UK population residing in foreign country UK net migration =244000 per year UK in 2017 15000 granted asylum

Question 37

Name 4 reasons for rural to urban migration

Answer 37

More employment in city, more unskilled labour e.g. call centres More communication, more appeal of cities Better health care and education Mechanisation pushing out labourers Poverty in rural areas population growth subtinance farmers paid out by TNC's Resource scarcity in rural areas

Question 38

Using Redcar as an CS, explain the cons of outsourcing

Answer 38

Deindustrialisation damaged the environment costing £1 billion £70 million out of local economy 1700 jobless Over 100 continued to live on job seekers allowance 4 months after the shut down

Question 39

Name 4 facts about Mumbai as a megacity

Answer 39

``` 4 th largest world city 20 million people Successful recycling, nuclear and bollywood industries 4.5m2 per person Slums increased by 60% Flats cost over $1million ```

Question 40

Name 4 facts about Shanghai as a mega city

Answer 40

Over 15% unemployed By 2020 number of cars to quadruple 13000 killed per year by air pollution annually English and Chinese are the official languages 24 million popluation

Question 41

Name the pro's and con's of Russian Migration to the UK

Answer 41

+£60 million on education +£1.5 million invested in Britain annually -1/10 homes that cost over $1.5 million were Russian owned -60% of commercial london court caes were linked to Russia -Seasonal empty houses

Question 42

Name the pro's and con's of Indian migration to the UAE

Answer 42

-Indian migrants made to work for 21 hours a day -Kafala system means migrants are treated like slaves by employers +US$12.5 billion in remittances -Twice as many Indian born as UAE born (loss of sovereignty) -Adds $6o billion in trade

Question 43

Name 4 facts about cultural erosion in Papua New Guinea.

Answer 43

``` 1/2 of forests will be eroded by 2021 More indigenized forms of Christianity 82% urbanised English used in schools and businesses Less women accept bride dowries Australia is giving $558.3 million to enhance human develpment ```

Question 44

Describe 5 ways in which Singapore is switched on to globalistaion

Answer 44

193km coastline 9 airports Nearly 100% of over 25's have at least a secondary education Least corrupt country in Asia One of the cleanest countries inthe world Industry is 85% services $85000 gdp per capita

Question 45

Describe issues of China's development

Answer 45

over 3 million hectares of heavily polluted land 100 cities suffer water shortages 70%of lakes polluted 360 million Chinese don't have access to clean water 4400 people die from pollution daily 20% on $2 a day

Question 46

Describe benefits of China's development

Answer 46

150 cities Receives the most FDI in the world 300 million (the size of US population) are middle class 99.9% primary school enrollment 8 million university graduates annually Between 1981 and 2010, 680 million less in poverty

Question 47

Describe using facts how global poverty has increased

Answer 47

1 billion live on less than $1.25 per day The richest 1% have doubled their share of global wealth in the last 10 years 1 billion children in poverty Over 2500 die from inadequate hygiene per day

Question 48

Describe the rise of the far right in Italy

Answer 48

600,000+ migrants from Libya reached Italy since 2013, In 2016, some 18 million people were at risk of poverty, Unemployment is currently at 11%. In the 2018 election 70% of votes went to far right parties The new government has protectionist policies such as finding an alternative to the euro

Question 49

Name 4 concerns of cultural diffusion

Answer 49

Migrants increasing birth rates puts a strain on primary school capacity's Racist hate crime e.g.the murder of Stephen Lawrence in 1993 2015, Charlie Hebdo staff were murdered because gunmen felt the magazine had mocked Islam In London, there is growing hatred towards Russian migrants who are ""gentrifying" the city

Question 50

What is localism?

Answer 50

Prioritisin local over regional and global. Generally through supporting local produce, culture, history and governance.

Question 51

Name 4 ways in which globalisation threatens the environment

Answer 51

``` Energy: 50%increase in global energy use by 2035 without innovation. Food: demand will double by 2050, especially meat and dairy Water: Increased food production will deplete water supply. Rise of middle class puts strain on water Climate: Global temperature rise of 2 degrees ```

Question 52

Name 4 projects/strategies that aim to reduce the social and environmental impacts of globalisation

Answer 52

Fair trade Keep Britain Tidy Recycling Ethical Shopping

Question 53

Name pro's and con's of fair trade

Answer 53

+ changes lives for the better, eradicates poverty | - difficult to ensure that money is distributed correctly, not compulsory for consumers to use fair trade

Question 54

Name the pro's and con's of ethical shopping

Answer 54

+ Primark and Tesco's signed the Accord on Factory Safety after pressure from the Rana Plaza disaster and NGO's -Puts some farmers out of business, organic products in fact destroy forests

Question 55

Name the pro's and con's of NGO pressure groups

Answer 55

+Reduces carbon foot print, less fuel based transportation | -expensive, limits imports (seasonality)

Question 56

Explain the Lorenz curve

Answer 56

It measures inequality within a country graphically, a higher score shows unequal income distribution. A score of 1 shows equality

Question 57

Explain what the Gini coefficient is

Answer 57

Measures the inequality of wealth distribution. It measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a line of equality. It's described as a percentage.