Globalisation and the Digital Social World

Question 1

Globalisation

Answer 1

Used to describe the process by which society becomes increasingly interconnected

Question 2

Cultural homogenisation

Answer 2

Idea that all cultures are becoming the same, think the same & do the same thing

Question 3

Multinational corportation

Answer 3

companies that produce goods & provide services in <1 country e.g. apple. Account for over 2/3 global trade& their production/employment/marketing/financial decisions based on global perspectives

Question 4

Global Finance

Answer 4

Financial transactions are increasingly global, stock markets across world, International banks, financial crisis somewhere can rapidly spread worldwide

Question 5

Political globalisation

Answer 5

More & more countries becoming members of worldwide & reginal organisations e.g. EU

Question 6

Cultural globalisation

Answer 6

Music/films/fashion growing worldwide audience

Question 7

Cultural imperialism

Answer 7

Some researchers see globalisation as the west imposing its culture on rest of the world, killing local culture

Question 8

Glocalisation

Answer 8

Some researchers see globalisation as mixing cultures, global & local meet & create new e.g. Bollywood musicals

Question 9

Global risk society

Answer 9

Beck argues that many risks today are global & can only be delt with by global organisations e.g. global warming

Question 10

Detraditionalisation

Answer 10

Giddens argues that globalisation challenges established ways & traditions by presenting alternative views, can lead to detraditionalisation

Question 11

Global economy

Answer 11

New economy, organised around global networks of capital management info. Access to technology know how is at roots of productivity + competitiveness. Networks are enacted by light speed operating info technologies

Question 12

Social movements - Castells

Answer 12

Argues that the internet + wireless communication played crucial art in recent social movements, helped to create + organise networks of protest, challenged powerful + turned fear into outrage then into hope for a better humanity

Question 13

Reinversion of person + bodies

Answer 13

Global economy demands flexibility, adaptability + transformation, demands reach down to individual level, result in reconstruction + reinvention of self

Question 14

Reinvention of careers

Answer 14

People increasingly hired for projects on short term contracts, must e flexible + reinvent themselves, learn new skills, be ready to embrace change + keep pace with rapid changing job market

Question 15

Reinvention of corporations

Answer 15

Global economy increase competitive, changeable + turbulent requires corporations to constantly reinvent, redesign, rebrand, refinance + restructure business practices

Question 16

Reinvention of places - Elliot

Answer 16

Todays reinvention reflects culture obsessed with having bigger, best , largest, shiniest + newest of everything (Dubai)

Question 17

Electronic media

Answer 17

Engulfs us with multitude of meanings, messages + images, exposure to multiple realities can make life seam rootless, empty, meaningless

Question 18

Loss of faith

Answer 18

Loss of faith in science, medicine + technology, differencing views on a range of issues have questioned objectivity of so-called experts

Question 19

Alternatives

Answer 19

Exposure of different lifestyles can weaken established beliefs

Question 20

Identities

Answer 20

Increasing freedom to create + express your identity in postmodern society

Question 21

Reality + illusion - Baudrillard

Answer 21

Postmodern society blurs line between reality + illusion, we live in a hyper-reality world where illusions become real, simulations become authentic

Question 22

The Juggernaut

Answer 22

World of rapid change, like a juggernaut, runaway engine of enormous power which can drive to some extent but also threatens to rush out of our control, ride is exhilarating not entirely secure, risk uncertainty

Question 23

Risk + trust

Answer 23

Recognise the risks of living

Question 24

The reflective self

Answer 24

Identity ceases to be clearly defined, people become increasingly reflective, transform appearance with diet, exercise, tattoos + surgery
Become increasingly dependent on experts to help us do this

Question 25

Social reflexivity

Answer 25

Customs + traditions no longer direct behaviour, people become socially reflective, reflect on society + their situation, they question their actions + decisions they choose between rage of alternatives

Question 26

Confluent love

Answer 26

Intimate relationships intake modern society, increased based on confluent love. Without confluent love they are likely to end the relationship

Question 27

Risk society

Answer 27

Processed foods are major risk factor, obesity + health problems. Job market is unstable, short term contracts, relationships more fragile rising divorce + separation rates

Question 28

Individualism

Answer 28

People are increasingly seeing themselves as individuals rather than members of a social group, constructing their own identities making own decision + demanding life of their own, women at front

Question 29

Altruistic individualism

Answer 29

2nd modernity isn't a free society, concerns for others while retaining individuality is needed to live a life of your own

Question 30

Cooperative individualism

Answer 30

People see relationships based on love, for love to succeed, must be based on cooperative love. Working together + having a life of your own, can lead to conflict + break up of relationship

Question 31

Liquid society - Brauman

Answer 31

Living under liquid modern conditions can be compared to walking in a minefield, everyone knows that an explosion might happen at any moment. Relationships are front fractions, jobs often temporary + insecure, nothing certain

Question 32

Work - Brauman

Answer 32

Working like is saturated with insecurity in liquid modernity, short term contracts, rolling contracts, redundancy, retraining are increasingly common

Question 33

Identity - Brauman

Answer 33

Brings individualism which gives people the freedom to create their own identities

Question 34

Liquid love - Brauman

Answer 34

Bonds are fragile, conflict between desire for individual freedom + need for security, bonds have to be loosely tied, unsatisfactory=break up

Question 35

Self blame - Brauman

Answer 35

Individualism is mixed blessing, can place blame for failure on individual, especially for poor + powerless

Question 36

Individualisation - Brauman

Answer 36

Sees individuals rather than working together with citizens outside corrosion + slow disintegration of citizenship

Question 37

Ohmae - Borderless world

Answer 37

-Economic changes is driving force of globalisation -Governments cannot use economic policies to control their economies in the same way they used to -Tax rates + interest rates aren't set -Corporations should no longer see themselves as being based in a particular country -Believes the act of globalisation has improved economies -Sees that trading with countries helps mix or British economy

Question 38

Harvey - A neomarxist view of globalisation

Answer 38

-Agrees that globalisation has taken place -critical of globalisation + believes it has led to increase exploitation + inequality -Sees it as continuation of capitalism -Recognises development of capitalism into postmodernism -Continued globalisation isn't inevitable + that there isn't just 1 factor shaping global developments + the way globalisation is experienced

Question 39

Sceptics

Answer 39

-Part of 2nd wave globalisation theorists, reacted against what they saw as extreme view of 1st wave -Believe that there are few changes that are truly global + that may aspects of increased interconnectedness across borders with some countries are strong, some parts are less integrated -Plays important role in identifying countries that take globalisation for granted -Thompson + Bromley are leading proponents of this view

Question 40

Transformationalists

Answer 40

-Seen as part of 3rd phase in theories of globalisation -Rejects views of Sceptics + argue that globalisation is a real, important unknown feature of contemporary world -Globalisation is more complex + uncertain than 1st wave theorists claim -Held + McGrew, believe that globalisation as an issue is to act together + develop a cosmopolitan social democracy -Argue that not everyone sees globalisation in a positive way, e.g. 9/11 -Argue that globalisation is too embedded in structures to disappear now/reversed -Little chance of states pulling aside national self interests in favour of a little global democratic system

Question 41

Giddens - High modernity + a runway world

Answer 41

-Globalisation is restricting the ways in which we live + profound manner even idea that globalisation has become globalised -Defines globalisation as the 'intensification of worldwide social relationships that link distant localities in a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away' -Process of global intensification involves time-space , interactions threaten across space means people don't have to be physically present to interact with others -Economic changes restrict power of government -Believes that govs. can sometimes use nationalists sentiments to increase support they gain from their populations

Question 42

Castells - Network society

Answer 42

-Argues globalisation results in new type of society-network society, leads to radical democratisation of social life -Believes that the exercise of power changes with the move to a network society, 4 types of power: -Including some while including others=capacity for inclusion + exclusion network + power -Facilitate interactions with particular network -Social actor within same network -Network making power, favour interests of some groups at expense of others