Globalisation - Case Studies Flashcards
(24 cards)
What historical developments in transport accelerated globalisation in the 19th and 20th centuries?
Railways, the telegraph, and steam-ships in the 19th century;
Jet aircraft and containerisation in the 20th century contributed to a shrinking world.
What technological developments in the 21st century have accelerated globalisation?
The internet, mobile phones, social media, electronic banking, and fibre optics have dramatically reduced communication costs and caused time-space compression.
Which international organisations have contributed to globalisation by promoting free trade?
The WTO, IMF, and World Bank have encouraged free trade and FDI globally.
Give two examples of free trade blocs that promote globalisation
The EU and ASEAN support economic integration and reduce trade barriers, increasing global interconnectivity.
What national government policy in China helped integrate it into the global economy?
China’s 1978 Open Door Policy encouraged FDI and the development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs), rapidly globalising China’s economy.
Give an example of a country that remains detached from globalisation.
North Korea—due to political isolation, restricted information, and lack of global trade links.
What country has benefited from the global shift in manufacturing?
China—increased waged work, infrastructure development, and poverty reduction, though with environmental degradation.
Give an example of a country affected by environmental degradation due to globalisation.
India—urban and industrial growth has led to air and water pollution, especially in cities like Delhi
Spatial agglomeration of polluting firms and populations, which triggers an increase in industrial pollution and greenhouse gases emission, and thus exacerbates the environmental burden.
Name a deindustrialised region that experienced negative impacts from globalisation.
Detroit, USA—faced dereliction, unemployment, and depopulation due to outsourcing of manufacturing.
Name a megacity that has grown rapidly due to rural-urban migration
Mumbai, India—pull factors include job opportunities; push factors from rural poverty
Name a global hub city receiving high-wage migrants.
London—attracts skilled professionals in finance and tech sectors.
Give an example of a place experiencing low-wage migration.
UAE and Saudi Arabia—attract construction and domestic workers from South Asia
Give an example of changing culture due to globalisation
Changing diets in Asia—increased meat and fast food consumption due to western influence
What movement shows positive cultural diffusion for disadvantaged groups?
The Paralympic Movement—global awareness and acceptance of disability in sport and society.
Where has cultural erosion been observed due to globalisation?
Papua New Guinea—loss of indigenous languages, customs, and traditions.
What index measures development including education, health, and income?
HDI (Human Development Index)—a composite indicator of social and economic development
What measure indicates income inequality?
Gini Coefficient—higher values indicate greater income inequality.
What is an example of a place experiencing nationalist backlash against globalisation?
Europe (e.g. Brexit in the UK)—anti-immigration sentiment and rising nationalism.
Give a country that uses censorship to control globalisation.
China—controls access to global media and the internet (e.g. “Great Firewall”).
What indigenous group resists cultural erosion and protects their land?
First Nations in Canada—campaign to maintain traditions and resist environmental exploitation.
What is an example of a local movement promoting sustainability?
Transition Towns (e.g. Totnes, UK)—encourage local sourcing, reduce carbon footprints, and build community resilience.
What scheme promotes ethical consumption and better working conditions?
Fair Trade—ensures fair prices and working conditions for producers in developing countries.
Give a UK-based example of recycling initiatives.
Keep Britain Tidy—local campaigns to reduce litter, promote recycling and environmental awareness.
Sentence for the Shenzen SEZ
Spatial agglomeration of polluting firms and populations, which triggers an increase in industrial pollution and greenhouse gases emission, and thus exacerbates the environmental burden.
