Globalization Final

Question 1

Globally Shared Experience

Answer 1

Events, phenomena, or aspects of life that are common to people across different cultures, countries, and regions. These can be both good and bad. The World Cup, MCU movies, climate change, and pandemics are all examples of this.

Question 2

Global Supply Chains

Answer 2

This refers to the networks of businesses, resources, production processes, and logistics systems that span multiple countries to produce and distribute goods or services.

Question 3

Right-Wing Anti-Globalization

Answer 3

This belief incorporates three core beliefs: economic populism, the idea that liberal democracy and capitalism hurt everyday workers; social and cultural conservatism, the belief that the spread of globalization has been secular; and strong ethnic nationalism, which is anti-immigration and leads to the creation of an “us vs. them” mentality.

Question 4

Remittances

Answer 4

A non-commercial transfer of money by a foreign worker, a member of a diaspora community, or a citizen with familial ties abroad, for household income in their home country or homeland.

Question 5

Sustainable Development

Answer 5

Development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” This involves countries supporting economic growth that is not completely deplorable to the environment.

Question 6

Case Study: Pipe Line Politics

Answer 6

This was a major environmental, Indigenous rights, and political issue in the United States that gained national and international attention, particularly in 2016 and 2017. The controversy centered on the construction of a 1,172-mile pipeline designed to transport crude oil from the Bakken oil field in North Dakota to Illinois.

Question 7

War on Terror

Answer 7

This refers to a global military, political, and ideological campaign initiated by the United States after the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks. In response to the attack, the U.S., with support from a coalition of international allies, launched a series of military actions, intelligence operations, and diplomatic efforts aimed at combating terrorism, particularly radical Islamic terrorist groups, and preventing future attacks.

Question 8

9/11 Attacks

Answer 8

This event was carried out by the extremist group al-Qaeda, resulted in the deaths of nearly 3,000 people, and caused widespread devastation in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania. This was an example of how globalization can be linked with violence. Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda were responding to what globalization looked like in the early 2000s.

Question 9

Structural Adjustment Programs

Answer 9

These are economic policies and reforms that are typically imposed on developing countries by international financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank in exchange for loans or financial assistance. This is seen as a form of cultural imperialism, where Western economic models are imposed on countries with different economic systems, political traditions, and social structures.

Question 10

G20 (Group of 20)

Answer 10

This organization was founded in the late 90s and aimed to gather representatives of the most powerful economies in the world to perpetuate the Washington consensus. Collectively, these members account for about 85% of global GDP and 75% of international trade, making it one of the most influential international bodies in terms of economic policy.

Question 11

Neoliberalism

Answer 11

An economic and political ideology that emphasizes the importance of free-market capitalism, minimal government intervention in the economy, individual responsibility, and global trade.

Question 12

The Washington Consensus

Answer 12

This is the “American” approach to global integration. It’s a set of economic policy prescriptions that emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s, primarily associated with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the U.S. Treasury Department—all of which are based in Washington, D.C.

Question 13

Global Civil Society

Answer 13

This refers to the collection of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), social movements, activist networks, community groups, advocacy organizations, and other grassroots or civil society organizations that operate across national borders to promote social, political, economic, and environmental causes on a global scale.

Question 14

International Olympic Committee

Answer 14

This is a key international organization responsible for overseeing the Olympic Games and promoting the Olympic values of excellence, friendship, and respect. This organization does face controversies that range from accusations of corruption to concerns about commercialization and environmental impacts on the Olympics.

Question 15

Athens 2004 to 2014

Answer 15

After hosting the Olympics, Greece went into deep debt that had long-lasting impacts on the country and its citizens. The event itself was a source of national pride and international attention but it also contributed to Greece’s debt crisis in several ways, both in the short term (during the preparations and after the Games) and in the longer term.

Question 16

Alter-Globalization Movement

Answer 16

A global political and social movement that critiques the neoliberal model of globalization and advocates for an alternative, more equitable, democratic, and sustainable form of global integration. This is not anti-globalization but the want for a different form of globalization than is present today.

Question 17

World Bank

Answer 17

This is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the government of low and middle income countries for the purpose of economic development. This institution promotes neoliberal globalization

Question 18

Slowbalization

Answer 18

The slowing down and reduction in the pace of globalization. This is particularly regarding the movement of goods, services, capital, and people across borders. Economic gaps between countries are no longer narrowing and this phenomenon causes more hostility from leaders and people.

Question 19

Glocal

Answer 19

This is the phenomenon that local decisions have increasing global reach and vice versa. this refers to how businesses, products, services, or cultural practices are adapted to local markets while still maintaining a global or international presence.

Question 20

Social Acceleration

Answer 20

This is the increasing speed at which social, cultural, economic, and technological processes occur in modern society.

Question 21

Free Trade

Answer 21

A policy by which a government does not discriminate against imports or interfere with exports by applying tariffs or subsidies. It is a large component of neoliberal globalization and is promoted by the WTO.

Question 22

“Great Replacement” Theory

Answer 22

This is a white nationalist far-right conspiracy theory that states that welcoming immigration policies —
particularly those impacting nonwhite immigrants — are part of a plot designed to undermine or
“replace” the political power and culture of white people living in Western countries. This theory is referenced by the mass shooting at a mosque in Christchurch, New Zealand, and the shooting attack in a primarily black grocery store in Buffalo, New York.

Question 23

Cultural Imperialism

Answer 23

This is the use of wealth, media power, and violence to implement the system of cultural hegemony that legitimizes imperialism. An example of this is the loss of traditional customs and languages in countries due to Westernization.

Question 24

Voluntourism

Answer 24

This is a tourist trip that is taken with the intention of volunteering for an organization for an organization in a foreign country. An example of this is the orphan industry. Most times the kids in these orphanages are not really orphans but parents will put their kids there for access to better resources.

Question 25

International Monetary Fund

Answer 25

An international financial organization that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial security, and facilitate international trade. This organization offers loans to countries that are in danger of not being able to pay their debts.

Question 26

Eco-Justice

Answer 26

This is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regarding the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.

Question 27

George Floyd Protest

Answer 27

These were a series of protests against police brutality that began in Minneapolis in the US on May 26, 2020. These protests spread to Indonesia, Switzerland, Argentina, and New Zealand and took measures online and offline to demand justice for George Floyd creating it into a global movement.

Question 28

FIFA

Answer 28

This is the governing body of world soccer. This organization leverages the worldwide popularity of football to wield power on a global stage. It has cultural, political, and economic power and is widely regarded as a very corrupt institution.

Question 29

Case Study: Migrant Workers in Qatar

Answer 29

Qatar was awarded the right to host the 2022 World Cup even though the country did not have any of the proper infrastructure to host the event. Many migrant workers from Asia and South Asia were used to build so much of the infrastructure. There was a lot of evidence that the working and living conditions for these workers were poor. This illustrates the larger inequities on a global scale. Many workers died between the bid and the opening kick-off of the World Cup

Question 30

Race to the Bottom

Answer 30

This refers to heightened competition between nations, states, or companies, where product quality or rational economic decisions are sacrificed in order to gain a competitive advantage or reduction in product manufacturing costs. Developing countries then have the incentive to make themselves more attractive for foreign investments. This is good for companies but bad for the citizens of that country.

Question 31

Non-Governmental Organization

Answer 31

A nonprofit organization that operates independently of any government, typically one whose purpose is to address a social or political issue. These organizations often raise funds through voluntourism fees.

Question 32

Transnational Production

Answer 32

the globalized system of producing goods and services through networks of multinational corporations (MNCs). In this system, production is not confined to a single country or location but is distributed across various regions of the world. Ex. A coffee from Starbucks is concentrated globalization.

Question 33

Paris Climate Agreement

Answer 33

This was an international treaty on climate change that was signed in 2016. It was negotiated by 196 parties at the UN meeting in 2015. At the time it was a landmark achievement and gave many people hope of serious climate action. This agreement requires monitoring and reporting of carbon emissions that it does not have the ability to force a country to reduce emissions.

Question 34

Communitarianism

Answer 34

This is a school of political philosophy that believes that successful societies need intimate social bands. In this view, these intimate social bands are not possible on a global stage. Citizenship is exclusionary for a reason. the 'us vs. them' division is necessary.

Question 35

Global Financial Crisis

Answer 35

This was an epic financial and economic collapse that cost many ordinary people their jobs, their life savings, their homes, or all three.

Question 36

Migrant Workers

Answer 36

This is a person who migrates within a home country or outside it to pursue work. These people usually do not have the intention of staying permanently in the country they work in. These people are a huge chunk of the global economy.

Question 37

Cultural Appropriation

Answer 37

This is the adoption of an element or elements of one culture or identity by members of another culture or identity in a manner deemed ad inappropriate or unacknowledgeable. This can be especially controversial when members of a dominant culture appropriates from minority cultures. An example of this is Selena Gomez’s performance at an award show where she used many aspects of South Asian culture in an improper way.

Question 38

Competition State

Answer 38

This is a modern nation-state that focuses on its economic competitiveness in the globalized world. These countries focus on making themselves competitive states for foreign investments

Question 39

Hybridization

Answer 39

This is a concept that refers to the process by which different cultural elements—such as traditions, practices, languages, values, and symbols—blend together to form new, hybrid cultural forms.

Question 39

Environmental Kuznets Curve

Answer 39

This is a hypothesized relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and per capita income. As an economy grows and industrializes, environmental degradation initially increases. However, after reaching a certain level of income or economic development, further growth leads to improvements in environmental quality.

Question 40

The Year 1000

Answer 40

This is the year that is accredited as the start of globalization. This is the year that, as incontrovertible archeological evidence shows, the Vikings left their home region of Scandinavia, crossed the North Atlantic, and landed in northeastern Canada.

Question 41

Time-Space Compression

Answer 41

This refers to how the world is seemingly getting smaller, or compressing, as a result of increased transport, communications, and capitalist processes.

Question 42

Foreign Direct Investment

Answer 42

This is when a business or investor puts money into a foreign country to either set up operations or buy part of a business there, with the goal of gaining a lasting interest and influence in the foreign company or market.

Question 43

Reshoring

Answer 43

This is the process of returning the production and manufacturing of goods back to the company's original country. This is the opposite of offshoring. This can help strengthen an economy by creating manufacturing jobs, reducing unemployment. and balancing trade deficits.

Question 44

Friend-shoring

Answer 44

This is the act of manufacturing and sourcing from countries that are geopolitical allies such as members of the same trade bloc or military alliance.

Question 45

Cultural Convergence

Answer 45

This is when two or more cultures influence each other and become similar with increased contact. With high degrees of exposure to each other, two or more cultures' beliefs, behaviors, ideologies, and languages "converge", and take on one another's characteristics.

Question 46

World Trade Organization

Answer 46

This is the only international organization that deals with the rules of trade between nations. This organization promotes free trade on a global scale and resolves trade disputes between countries.

Question 47

Brexit

Answer 47

This is the name given to the UK's departure from the EU. This happened following a referendum held in the UK in 2016. This event demonstrated that Europe was not as integrated as it was believed to be. It challenged the desirability of a cosmopolitan and integrated society.

Question 48

Cosmopolitanism

Answer 48

These are the philosophical ideals that underpin global citizenship. It's the idea that all human beings, regardless of their political affiliations, are citizens in a single community. It is most associated with the Roman Imperial era.

Question 49

Multinational Corporation

Answer 49

These are corporation organizations that own and control the production of goods and services in at least one country other than their home country. Ex. Apple

Question 50

Global Problem

Answer 50

These are environmental issues that need collective action and global cooperation to be solved.

Question 51

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Answer 51

This is the largest accumulation of plastic in the open ocean. Billions have people across the world have contributed to the creation of this thing through unsustainable consumption. This is an example of how globalization has had detrimental effects on the environment.