globalization + future of comparative politics

Question 1

globalization

Answer 1

the process of expanding and intensifying linkages between states, societies and economies

long history of a globalized world.

Question 2

what makes this era different from previous globalized relations?

Answer 2

entire societies are directly connected.
relations in the past were “thinner” than they are now.

Question 3

globalization’s implications for comparative politics

Answer 3

globalization can work in two directions:
global forces increasingly impact domestic politics
domestic issues and events become “internationalized”

Question 4

globalization’s major actors + ideas

Answer 4

• multinational corporations (MNCS)
• nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
• intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)

other institutions
- international regimes
- the internet

Question 5

multinational corporations

Answer 5

MNCs: firms that produce, distribute and market goods or services in more than one country

economic institutions
eg google, mcdonald’s, apple, toyota, walmart

Question 6

nongovernmental organizations

Answer 6

NGOs: a national or international group, independent of any state, that pursues policy objectives and fosters public participations.

form of a global civil society
- members are individuals, not states.

examples
- open society foundation, mercy corps, red cross/crescent

Question 7

intergovernmental organizations

Answer 7

groups created by states to serve certain policy ends

political institutions
- composed of member states, not private citizens

examples
- United Nations (UN), European Union (EU)

Question 8

international regimes

Answer 8

fundamental rules and norms that link states together and shape their relationships - eg greenhouse gases, free trade regimes

Question 9

political globalization

Answer 9

trend whereby political institutions, decision making and political identity shift to the international level.

Question 10

patterns in political globalization

Answer 10

international organizations and agreements can create laws that override national governments.

NGOs, MNCs and other global actors operate in areas outside of traditional state government control.

Question 11

examples of political globalization

Answer 11

EU sets economic regulations that override rules set by member states.

Question 12

is there a democratic deficit in global governance ? what do pessimists argue

Answer 12

• IGOs make critical decisions on many issues but most are not directly elected by voters.
• governments may use IGOs to avoid accountability, blaming unpopular policies on outside pressure.
• may lead domestic institutions to become “hollowed out” and unresponsive to domestic needs.

Question 13

globalization optimists argue

Answer 13

IGOs are accountable to governments; governments are accountable to voters.

IGOs and NGOs can act as “watchdogs” and increase the transparency of state action

Question 14

economic globalization

Answer 14

markets, businesses and services increasingly cross borders and merge into one large (global) market.

Question 15

emerging trends in economic globalization

Answer 15

• increased trade in goods and services
• economic migration
• foreign direct investment (FDI)
• offshore sourcing

Question 16

bretton woods system

Answer 16

economic regime that manages international economic relations; this includes the

international monetary fund (IMF)
world bank group
world trade organization

Question 17

consequences of bretton woods

Answer 17

united states used Bretton Woods institutions to promote market integration

aspects of economic globalization that are directly or partially related to the creation of the Bretton Woods:
- trade expansion
- money is more mobile
- deeper connections between workers, goods and wealth

Question 18

potential advantages of economic globalization

Answer 18

optimists view economic globalization as a vehicle for global prosperity

able to produce more goods and services at lower cost

poverty is reduced; wealth is more effectively dispersed

Question 19

potential disadvantages of economic globalization

Answer 19

increases inequality
may compromise state capacity, autonomy and democracy

businesses can avoid gov taxation, oversight and public accountability
loss revenue, and weaker oversight weakens state capacity and autonomy
freedom and equality are compromised as businesses can act with no oversight

Question 20

societal globalization

Answer 20

individual and collective identities are increasingly shaped by international influences

Question 21

how will societal globalization shape institutions and identities - optimistic perspective

Answer 21

rising global multiculturalism and globalized democracy
- muliple and diverse values bind populations together
NGOs and global civil society create new civic identities and new forms of public participation

Question 22

how will societal globalization shape institutions? negative

Answer 22

political alienation, backlash, globalization of nothing

overwhelming choices create crisis
nationalism and fundamentalism increase
promotion of crass consumerism will lead to cultural decline

Question 23

is globalization exaggerated?

Answer 23

political globalization
- increasing involvement of non state actors
- state sovereignty remains a central focus of international politics
- states has reasserted their authority in recent years

economic globalization
- trade and international investment is increasing “home bias” though

societal globalization
- younger people increasingly seeing themselves as world citizens

Question 24

is globalization inevitable

Answer 24

NO
factors that weaken globalization
- economic crises
- national policies limiting immigration
- declining support for capitalism and free trade

Question 25

resistance to globalization

Answer 25

ongoing difficulties can increase public and gov opposition - U.S. abandoned trans-pacific partnership (TPP) an agreement that sought to liberalize trade across a number of Asian and Latin American countries - trade between china, the us and europe is increasingly threatened by political tensions many ppl are skeptical.

Question 26

what can globalization been seen as a process of?

Answer 26

a process by which global connections grow increasingly "thick" creating an extensive and intensive web of relationships between many people across vast distances

Question 27

what does it mean to be hollowed out

Answer 27

globalization can man states are bound to numerous international institutions that take on many of the tasks states normally conduct - sovereignty would decline, states would be hollowed out constrained by their relaince on the globalized world

Question 28

golden straitjacket

Answer 28

narrowing of state sovereignty as a result of globalization. political globalization may bring about a more peaceful world order, constraining states' tendencies toward violent conflict by dispersing sovereignty among numerous actors and diminishing the capacity and autonomy of states