Glomerular perfusion

Question 1

Define renal corpuscle?

Answer 1

Glomerular tuft and Bowmans capsule

Question 2

Define glomerular tuft?

Answer 2

Convoluted, interconnected glomerular capillaries that protruding into Bowman’s capsule

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Where is renal curpuscle?

Answer 4

Kidney

Question 5

What cells present in renal corpuscle?

Answer 5

Mesangial cells- specialised pericytes

Question 6

Where are mesangial cells found?

Answer 6

Renal corpuscle

Question 7

State 4 functions of renal corpuscle?

Answer 7

1) Structural support for capillary
2) Production of extracellular matrix protein
3) Contraction; regulates flow and filtration
tubuloglomerular feedback
4) Phagocytosis of breakdown products

Question 8

What is bowmans capsule?
What is continuous with it?

Answer 8

Encase glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 9

What is total glomerular SA?

Answer 9

1m2

Question 10

Are membranes fenestrated or unfenestrated?
Negative or positive charge?

Answer 10

Fenestrated
Negative charged

Question 11

Where does filtrate collect?

Answer 11

Bowmans space

Question 12

What are 2 layers in Bowmans capsule?

Answer 12

Basement membrane
Parietal epithelium cells

Question 13

What are 3 layers of glomerulus?

Answer 13

Endothelial cells
Basement membrane
Podocytes

Question 14

What is layer adjacent to capillaries?
Adapted?

Answer 14

Endothelial cells
Fenestrated
Single cell

Question 15

What sites on top endothelial?

Answer 15

Basement membrane
Fusion 2 bm
Capillary and podocyte BM
Negative charged

Question 16

What sits on top BM?

Answer 16

Podocytes
Single cell
Foot processes- act filtrate barrier

Question 17

Function of podocytes?

Answer 17

Act filtrate barrier

Question 18

Explain myogenic autoregulation?
Location?

Answer 18

Smooth muscle contraction response external stretching force
Occurs capillary walls

Question 19

What are 2 types autoregulation?

Answer 19

Myogenic
Tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 20

Explain tubuloglomerular feedback?

Answer 20

Respond sodium chloride conc
High conc NaCl- afferent arteriole constricts- lower
- red BF
Low conc NaCl- afferent arteriole dilates- higher
- build pres

Efferent- after
Afferent- before

Question 21

Constriction or dilation in response to high NaCl?
What?

Answer 21

Constriction of afferent arteriole

Question 22

What illicits fast response of tubuloglomerular feedback?

Answer 22

GFR

Question 23

What illicits slow response of tuboglomerular feedback?

Answer 23

RAAS

Question 24

What senses Na+ conc lvls?

Answer 24

Macula densa cells

Question 25

Function of macula densa cells?

Answer 25

Detect Na+ conc lvls Through NKCC2 transported

Question 26

Explain process tuboglomerular feedmack?

Answer 26

1) Macula densa cells detect Na+ concentration levels through NKCC2 transporter 2) Signals through adenosine and nitric oxide to walls of arterioles, afferent main effected 3) Flow rate high (high Na+)- constriction of afferent arteriole - causes GFR to fall Flow rate low (low Na+)- dilation of afferent arteriole - causes GFR to rise 4) Reduced GFR and renal blood flow (RBF) increases sympathetic activity- causes vasoconstriction 5) Increases HR, BP, and CO- shunt blood to muscles

Question 27

Label

Answer 27

Question 28

Explain what occurs if high GFR?

Answer 28

1) High GFR- high NaCl load 2) Macula densa detect and secrete ATP 3) Mesangial cells metabolise ATP to adenosine 4) Adenosine stimulate granular cells 5) Afferent arteriole constricts 6) Reduced GFR

Question 29

Decreased GFR- what occurs afferent arteriole?

Answer 29

Dilate- GFR rises

Question 30

Increased GFR- what occurs afferent arteriole?

Answer 30

Constrict- GFR falls

Question 31

What are Na+ conc lvls detected through?

Answer 31

Macula densa cells NKCC2 transportes

Question 32

What ns does tubuloglomerular impact?

Answer 32

Sympathetic

Question 33

What occurs if reduced GFR and RBF? (SYMP)

Answer 33

Sympathetic activity increased Vasodilation afferent Increase HR, BP, CO Shunt blood muscles

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

What is afferent arteriole? Function?

Answer 35

Part renal artery Carry oxygenated blood into glomerulus

Question 36

What is efferent arteriole? Function?

Answer 36

Part renal artery Carry deoxygenated blood, waste

Question 37

BP- How to increase GFR? What happens efferent and afferent arteriole?

Answer 37

Efferent- constrict Afferent- dilate

Question 38

BP- How to decrease GFR? What happens efferent and afferent arteriole?

Answer 38

Efferent- Dilate (allow blood escape) Afferent- Constrict (reduce blood flow)

Question 39

When does renal perfusion fail?

Answer 39

Above 200mmHg Below 80mm Hg

Question 40

To increase GFR? Afferent and efferent

Answer 40

Constrict the efferent arteriole (build up pressure before) Dilate the afferent arteriole (builds up pressure after)