glossary

Question 1

assimilation

Answer 1

sounds of one word change the sounds within it and neighbouring worse eg what are you doing -> watcha doing

Question 2

vowel reduction

Answer 2

unstressed vowel sounds are weakened / less distinctive eg where did ya go?, I had te, That’s fa me

Question 3

rhyme

Answer 3

> 2 words that have/end with corresponding sounds, matching phonology eg Why did you
let it go? Because it bit
my finger so. Which finger
did it bite? This little finger
on my right

Question 4

rhythm

Answer 4

creation of long and short patterns of spoken discourse through stressed and unstressed syllables eg ‘double, double, toil and trouble. Fire burn and cauldron bubble’

Question 5

collocation

Answer 5

> 2 words connected bc they frequently occur together eg Merry Christmas, cheeky monkey, catch a cold

Question 6

neologism

Answer 6

newly coined words/phrase eg anti-vaxer, rizz, FOMO, WFH

Question 6

neologism

Answer 6

newly coined words/phrase eg anti-vaxer, rizz, FOMO, WFH

Question 7

commonisation

Answer 7

proper noun becomes a common noun through general use eg glad wrap, band-aid, google

Question 8

archaism

Answer 8

word becomes considered old-fashioned or outdated eg thou, wherefore

Question 9

complement

Answer 9

pn, NP, adj following the verb ‘to be’ that modifies/refers to the subject or object eg Make me a supermodel (obj complement)

Question 10

adverbial

Answer 10

lexeme/phrase that modifies a vp. relates to time, manner or place eg I will study in the morning

Question 11

antithesis

Answer 11

juxtaposition of words and ideas within parallel phrases or clauses to create balance or contrast eg write quickly and you will never write well; write well and you will soon write quickly

Question 12

parallelism

Answer 12

patterning of pairs (or more) of words or structures to create a sense of balance of grouping eg reduce, reuse, recycle

Question 13

irony

Answer 13

what actually occurs goes against what is expected eg my hairdresser has a terrible haircut

Question 14

animation

Answer 14

Refers to the way we can make insentient objects out to be like animals by attributing actions and movements to them. ‘The house shivered in the wind’ and ‘The sunlight wandered off’ are examples showing this animation taking place.

Question 15

puns

Answer 15

play on the semantics of similar sounding or related words eg Dairy farmers just want to be heard

Question 16

hyponymy

Answer 16

relationship and connection bw words where the meaning of one lexeme is included in another eg tree (hypernym) - oak, gum, maple (hyponyms)

Question 17

idiom

Answer 17

playful, cultural expression that is non-literal eg over the moon, in a pickle

Question 18

jargon

Answer 18

language particular to a semantic field often technical and domain-specific eg saute, blanche, cream, pipe (cooking)

Question 19

double-speak

Answer 19

deliberately euphemistic, ambiguous, or obscure lang eg ‘servicing the target’= bombing, ‘down-sizing’= laying ppl off

Question 20

public language

Answer 20

language that upholds expectations of the public domain, meeting social expectations and acknowledges social attitudes of appropriateness

Question 21

rhetoric

Answer 21

the way language is used/manipulated to influence an audience

Question 22

ethnolect

Answer 22

a (mainly spoken) variety that is influenced by a language other than English eg AAVE

Question 22

idiolect

Answer 22

an individual’s own distinctive way of speaking

Question 23

sociolect

Answer 23

a variety that is used by a particular social group within the community eg teenspeak is a sociolect