glossary

Question 1

what did the Kadets want? x5

Answer 1

democratically elected assembly
full civil rights for all citizens
end of censorship
recognition of trade unions
free education

Question 2

who were the Kadets support base?

Answer 2

liberal intellegentsia

Question 3

who were the Octobrists?

Answer 3

founded after 1905 revolution
believed in the tsar
against liberal reforms
landownder, industrialists

Question 4

what did the SRs believe and how did they achieve it?

Answer 4

believed that peasants should overthrow the tsarist government and replace it with a democratic republic
wanted lands to be taken by landlords and divided amongst the peasantry
wanted rural socialism
they used agitation, terrorism and asassinations to prove their cause eg. Tsar Alexander II

Question 5

who were the Bolsheviks?

Answer 5

believed that a revolutionary party should be made up of highly disciplined professional revolutionaries and should operate under central leadership
they wanted to bring socialist consiousness to workers and lead them through revolution
they attracted younger, militant peasant workers

Question 6

who were the mensheviks?

Answer 6

wanted to take in all who wished to join, and was more democratic than the bolsheviks
encourage trade unions
gathered large groups to overthrow which they could inform
attracted non-russians, jews and georgians

Question 7

who was the duma?

Answer 7

an elected consultative Parliament which was created as a result of the 1905 Revolution, was recalled by the tsar in 1915 after the outbreak of ww1

Question 8

who was the zemstva?

Answer 8

organ of rural self-government in the Russian Empire and Ukraine

Question 9

what was order no1 1917?

Answer 9

pledged to recognise a provisional government formed by members of Duma in return for the tsar abdication

Question 10

who were the support base of the provisional government?

Answer 10

kadets
liberals
moderate socialists

Question 11

who were the initial support base of the Petrograd Soviet?

Answer 11

Radical Socialists
intellectuals
Mensheviks
SRs
Bolsheviks
(3000 members)

Question 12

who were some of the key leaders of the PG?

Answer 12

Prince Georgy Lvov
Alexander Kerensky
Alexander Guchov

Question 13

who were the key leaders of the Petrograd Soviet in 1917?

Answer 13

Leon Trotsky
Alexander Kerensky
Nikolay Chkheidze

Question 14

who were the kulaks?

Answer 14

wealthy peasants

Question 15

what was the purpose of the Military Revolutionary Committee?

Answer 15

established by Trotsky and Sverdlov
made to co-ordinate movements of 200,000 Red Guards
60,000 sailors
150,0000 soldiers from Petrograd garrison

Question 16

what is the Komuch?

Answer 16

Committee members of constituent assembly

Question 17

what is sovnarkom?

Answer 17

early soviet government

Question 18

who were the reds in the civil war?

Answer 18

communist leaders
bolshevik officials
moscow workers
petrograd workers
cheka
red army

Question 19

who were the whites in the civil war?

Answer 19

tsarist officers (Denikin, Kolchak)
former members of constituent assembly
allied forces
right SRs
kulaks

Question 20

who were the greens in the civil war?

Answer 20

ukranians, geogrians, finns, poles, nationalists

Question 21

what was war communism?

Answer 21

more centralised systems of control that were adopted to run the economy efficiently during the war
extension of class warfare

Question 22

what was the new economic policy?

Answer 22

1921-1924
abolish war communism measures

Question 23

what was the GPU?

Answer 23

cheka’s new name as of 1922

Question 23

what was GLAVLIT?

Answer 23

censorship body for literature

Question 23

who were the Union of Militant Godless?

Answer 23

group that attacked the church

Question 24

what was the ban on factions?

Answer 24

soviets banned other parties

Question 24

what was the april thesis?

Answer 24

basis of soviet party policy pushed through by Lenin
bough bolsheviks support

Question 25

what is the idea of permanent revolution?

Answer 25

Trotsky and Lenin’s idea
promote socialist revolutions in other countries

Question 26

what is the idea of socialism in one country?

Answer 26

Stalin’s idea to improve Russia, to make model how socialism would affect other countries inspiring them to become socialist

Question 27

who were the united opposition?

Answer 27

zinoviev, kamanev and trotsky

Question 28

what was the decleration of the thirteen?

Answer 28

criticisde government’s soft policy towards the Kulak’s and NEP

Question 29

what was factionalism?

Answer 29

people going against the ban on factions

Question 30

what was the great turn?

Answer 30

1928
stalin changed policy radically to seize grain
went againt nep and right

Question 31

what were the toz?

Answer 31

land that peasants owned but shared machinery and co-operated in harvesting
common pre 1930

Question 32

what were the sovkhoz?

Answer 32

land owned and run by the state
paid a regular wage like factory owners

Question 33

what were the kolhoz?

Answer 33

all land was held in common adn run by an elected committee
50-100 households
all land, tools and livestock piled together
peasants farmed land as a single unit
each household maintained a private plot of one acre