Glossary

Question 1

Acaulescent

Answer 1

Having an inconspicuous (not clearly visible or attracting attention) stem

Question 2

-adelphous

Answer 2

suffix indicating fusion of parts

Question 3

Adnate

Answer 3

unlike parts are stuck togeth

Question 4

Adventitious

Answer 4

New plant tissues grown from mature, nonmeristematic tissue; especially roots produced out of stem tissue

Question 5

Bulb

Answer 5

a short, erect, underground stem surrounded by thick, fleshy leaves or leaf bases

Question 6

Corm

Answer 6

a short, erect, underground stem covered with thin/inconspicuous, dry leaves or leafbases

Question 7

Stolon

Answer 7

similar to a rhizome, but above the ground

Question 8

Tuber

Answer 8

a fleshy/thickened underground modified stem (or root section) used for storage

Question 9

Peduncle

Answer 9

the stem of an inflorescence or of a compound fruit produced from one

Question 10

Pedicel

Answer 10

the small stem of an individual flower or fruit

Question 11

Trichome

Answer 11

Plant hair

Question 11

Petiole

Answer 11

The small stem of a leaf

Question 12

Indumemtum

Answer 12

A covering of plant hairs

Question 13

Glabrous

Answer 13

Lacking plant hairs

Question 14

Pubescent

Answer 14

With a covering of hairs

Question 15

Glaucus

Answer 15

Waxy cover

Question 16

Actinomorphic

Answer 16

Radially symmetrical (sunflower)

Question 17

Zygomorphic

Answer 17

One plane of symmetry, bilaterally symmetrical

Question 18

Androecium

Answer 18

All of the stamens of a flower

Question 19

Gynoecium

Answer 19

All of the female parts (pistils) of a flower

Question 20

Anthesis

Answer 20

the stage of flowering when the flower is ready to shed or receive pollen

Question 21

Apetalous

Answer 21

without petals, similarly asepalous, without sepals,

Question 22

Apocarpous

Answer 22

with distinct carpels (that is, the carpels are not attached to each other)

Question 23

Apomixis

Answer 23

seed production without fertilization (a clone of the parent plant is produced inseed-like form in place of a sexually produced embryo)

Question 24

Dehisent

Answer 24

Opening when mature

Question 25

Indehisent

Answer 25

Staying closed when mature

Question 26

Inflorescence

Answer 26

all of the flowers together on a stem, in this case, each flower is often referred to as a Floret, especially when each flower is small

Question 27

Perianth

Answer 27

the outer, usually colourful parts of a flower consisting of the Calix (Sepals collectively—the outermost whorl, often they are green), and the Corolla (Petals collectively, the innermost whorl, often they are colorful). Tepals: a term used when the sepals and petals are alike

Question 28

Calix

Answer 28

Sepals collectively, outermost whorl

Question 29

Corolla

Answer 29

Petals collectively

Question 30

Monoecious

Answer 30

male and female flowers are on the same plant

Question 31

Tepals

Answer 31

Used when sepals and petals are alike

Question 32

Dioecious

Answer 32

male and female flowers are on different plants; these two terms only apply to species with separate male and female flowers, otherwise plants are said to have “perfect” flowers. There are also Polygamous species that have perfect and unisexual flowers on the same plant

Question 33

Achene

Answer 33

a dry fruit, often contains only one seed; seed coat can be separated from the seed (e.g. sunflower seeds), may have hairs to aid in wind dispersal, these hairs are called a papus

Question 34

Aggregate fruit

Answer 34

fruit produced from more than one carpel of a flower; these are close to each other, but not joined at maturity; could be dry or fleshy at maturity. Aggregate fruits may also be Accessory fruits, where the fleshy tissue of the fruit is not produced from the ovary; example hips, flesh is from the (rose fruits)

Question 35

Berry

Answer 35

a soft, fleshy fruit (flesh produced from the ovary wall) with one to many seeds, technically only applicable to fruits produced from a single pistil, such as grapes, blueberries, and cranberries, but also tomatoes and eggplant; in common usage any small,soft fruit, which would include raspberries and blackberries (which are aggregate drupes) and strawberries (several achenes on a fleshy receptacle; technically an accessory fruit)

Question 36

Drupe / Stone fruit

Answer 36

a fruit produced from the ovary wall with a hard inner pericarp (thestone) and fleshy outer layer (many Rosaceae fruits: cherries, plums, apricots, peaches

Question 37

Capsule

Answer 37

a dry fruit produced from fused carpels, opens at maturity; there are several types of capsules: Loculicidal capsule: opens only near the top by lengthwise splitting (e.g. iris) Septicidal capsule: splits lengthwise the hole length of the capsule Poricidal capsule: opens by holes near the top (e.g. poppy)

Question 38

Caryopsis or grain

Answer 38

a fruit with a hard outer shell, not splitting open at maturity, produced from a simple pistil, seed coat sticking to the seed at maturity

Question 39

Follicle

Answer 39

fruit dry at maturity, splitting open at maturity; from one simple pistil (i.e. a flowerwith one carpel); splitting on one line (ex. milkweed)

Question 40

Hesperidium

Answer 40

a berry with septa evident, and a leathery outer layer (many Rutaceae,lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit)

Question 41

Nut

Answer 41

a fruit with a hard outer shell, not splitting open at maturity, produced from a compound pistil

Question 42

Pepo

Answer 42

a berry with a hard outer layer, and no septa evident (many Cucurbitaceae fruits:squash, pumpkin)

Question 43

Pod / legume

Answer 43

fruit dry at maturity, splitting open at maturity; from one simple pistil (i.e. a flower with one carpel); splitting on two lines (Fabaceae fruits: beans, peas, alfalfa, clovers);Lomentum- a pod, that when mature breaks up into segments, each with one seed)

Question 44

Pome

Answer 44

Flesh of fruit derived from the hypanthium, surrounds papery carpels which containthe seeds. (Rosaceae fruits: apple, pear, amelanchier, aronia, hawthorn)

Question 45

Sillicle

Answer 45

a dry fruit with two fused carpels, splitting open at maturity along a thinpartition (the septum). (Brassicaceae have this type of fruit)

Question 46

Samara

Answer 46

achene with a wing for wind dispersal, e.g. maple, ash, elm

Question 47

Schizocarp

Answer 47

dry fruit from a compound pistil (carpels two or more); carpels separating atmaturity, but each retaining its seed(s) (Umbeliferaceae; carrot, parsnip)