Quiz 2: Lab Section

Question 1

Fabaceae

Answer 1

Papilionate corollas with keel, wings & standard
Stamen diadelphous (in 2 parts): 9 fused, 1 free
Legume fruits

Question 2

Rosaceae

Answer 2

Nectaries in ring at top of hypanthium
Compound leaves with stipules

Question 3

Urticaceae

Answer 3

Opposite toothed leaves
Inflorescence tiny unisexuel flowers
Stinging hairs

Question 4

Ulmaceae

Answer 4

Ulmus:
Oblique base double serrate leaves
Samara fruits
Tree

Question 5

Cucurbitaceae

Answer 5

Vines with alternate leaves + tendrils
Leaves palmately lobed
Fruit pepo or capsule

Question 6

Fagaceae

Answer 6

Staminate flowers in catkins
Carpellate flowers in small clusters (sometimes at leaf axils)
Fruit a nut surrounded, at least partially, by an involucral husk that open at maturity (cupule)

Question 7

Juglandaceae

Answer 7

Monoecious
Leaves alternate, pinnately lobed
Flowers unisexual, reduced perianth
Staminate flowers in catkins
Carpellate flowers in clusters or racemes
Fruit a nut, husk surrounding it

Question 8

Betulaceae

Answer 8

Monoecious trees or shrubs
Leaves alternate, simple, usually double-serrate
Flowers unisexual, grouped into staminate and carpellate (looks like cone) catkins

Question 9

Violaceae, Viola

Answer 9

Flowers zygomorphic, usually with a spurred petal
Stamens 5 have very short filaments; nectaries on two project into back of flower
Viola may have both flowers that open and are insect pollinated (chasmogamous) or that remain closed and are self-pollinated (cleistogamous)
Bearded petals
Capsule fruits, many ovules, parietal placentation

Question 10

Salicaceae (Salix vs Populus)

Answer 10

Salix:
- Buds with single hood-like bud
Catkin
- 2 stamens
- Nectary

Populus
- Buds with several scales
- Leaves usually with teeth; some species with flattened petioles

Question 11

Salicaceae, Salix

Answer 11

Alternate lanceolate/elliptic leaves
Buds with single hood-like bud
Staminate catkin composed of flowers with a nectary and 2 stamens each, subtended by hairy bracts
Both wind and insect pollination!
Carpellate catkin with flowers composed of a nectary and a syncarpous ovary with 2 branched stigmas, subtended by a hairy bract

Question 12

Salicaceae, Populus

Answer 12

Buds with several scales
Leaves usually with teeth; some species with flattened petioles
Staminate catkins; each flower with several stamens subtended by a disk-like calyx and a small bract. [no nectaries as in Salix]
Carpellate flowers with each pistil subtended by a calyx of fused sepels
and a bract [no nectaries as in Salix]
Syncarpous ovary of 2 carpels with many seeds; placentation parietal
Fruit a capsule; seeds with coma

Question 13

Salix habitat

Answer 13

Small shrubs of cold regions; otherwise most associated with wet, open habitat

Question 14

Populus Habitat

Answer 14

Trees of open habitats, often associated with greater water availability—many species excellent at re-sprouting after fire; in North America, common in small forest patches in the prairies and in the boreal forest, as well as floodplains

Question 15

Common features of order Caryophyllales

Answer 15

Production of betalain pigments in place of anthocyanin in many families in the clade
Often adapted to extreme habitats that may be: dry, salty, high sulfur, high/low phosphorus soils
wood production not common and has different anatomy than in other taxa

Question 16

Families of Caryophyllales

Answer 16

Caryophyllaceae
Cactaceae
Polygonaceae
Droseraceae
- Drosera

Question 17

Caryophyllaceae

Answer 17

Notched/split or clawed petals (herbaceous)
Opposite leaves with swollen nodes
Flowers arranged in cymes
Flowers perfect, radial, 4-5 sepals, 4-5 petals, which may be fused at the base or not.
Fruit a capsule

Question 18

Cactaceae

Answer 18

Xeromorphic plants with succulent, photosynthetic stems that have stomata and usually no bark
Lateral branches modified into areoles with non-expanding stems and leaves changed to spines
Flowers solitary; radial or bilateral symmetry
Flowers perfect, with inferior ovary, often with tubular epigynous hypanthium; many petals, many stamens, and often several carpels
Fruit a berry (technically a berry surrounded by a fleshy hypanthium)

Question 19

Where is the family cactaceae endemic to?

Answer 19

Americas

Question 20

Polygonaceae

Answer 20

Herbs or shrubs with alternate leaves; sheathing stipules called ochrea
Flowers relatively small, perfect or unisexual, ovaries superior
Flowers with either 3 inner and 3 outer tepals (of similar texture but different size) or 5-6 tepals in a single whorl
Maturing into an achene with three sides
Basal placentation

Question 21

Droseraceae

Answer 21

Carnivorous plants not traditionally associated with Caryophyllids, but they form a clade with them in phylogenetic trees based on both nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences.
Unique habitats with challenging nutrient acquisition common in order.

Question 22

Droseraceae, Drosera

Answer 22

Drosera leaves with glandular hairs to capture insects
Small plants with basal rosette of leaves; glandular hairs; perfect flowers

Question 23

Common features of clade Cornales

Answer 23

Inferior ovary
Reduced sepals
Epigynous nectar disk

Question 24

Cornaceae, Cornus

Answer 24

Woody plants with simple opposite or whorled leave
Arcuate venation
Flowers perfect, 4-merous, inferior ovaries, with 2 fused carpels, but a single stigma, epigynous nectar disk
Inflorescence a compound cyme, sometimes subtended by petaloid bracts
Fruit a drupe

Question 25

Habitat Cornus

Answer 25

Very common in boreal forest understories across Canada; occasional N temperate forest too; will also grow in open habitats with low disturbance, such as peatlands

Question 26

Ericaceae

Answer 26

Can be herbaceous, myco-parasitic and lacking chlorophyll Anthers opening by two pores Leaves often with xeromorphic features → Flowers have diverse morphologies: Bisexual; radial or slightly bilateral symmetry Calyx with 4-5 fused sepals Corolla with 4-5 fused or free petals; usually bell-shaped Axile placentation Fruits are capsules, berries or drupes (multi-seeded)

Question 27

Sarraceniaceae

Answer 27

Pitcher plant family Carnivorous herbs with pitcher leaves - Hairs pointing downward helps get insect into trap 5-merous hypogynous flowers with distinct sepals and petals and many stamens Ovary of 3-5 fused carpels with expanded style and 5 stigmatic tips Capsules with many seeds Habitat: Nutrient poor wetlands

Question 28

Lamiids Clade: Common Traits

Answer 28

Mostly opposite leaves Two-lipped, bilaterally symmetric corollas common Often 2 long and 2 short stamens → Common traits also shared with other core asterids stamens attach to petals stamens <= number of petals or corolla lobes usually two fused carpels usually five fused petals

Question 29

Plantaginaceae Characteristics

Answer 29

Herbaceous Leaves simple, no stipules 5-merous sympetalous flowers with two parted corolla and obvious bilateral symmetry or almost radial symmetry and petal lobes of similar size 4 stamens-attach to petal some also have a 5th, non-functional stamen (a staminode) Ovary superior, syncarpous with 2 carpels and many ovules on axile placentae Fruit a capsule

Question 30

Plantaginaceae, Plantago

Answer 30

Circumscissile Capsule: opens by splitting center of the fruit, top of capsule lifts off like a lid Small plants with basal leaves and spikes of small flowers Main leaf veins are parallel Flowers 4-merous, sympetalous; corolla dry and membranous 4 stamens with equal length, long filaments Other traits are in common with other Plantaginaceae

Question 31

Lentibulariaceae, Urticularia

Answer 31

Distinctive, very altered insectivorous leaves

Question 32

Lamiaceae

Answer 32

Mint family Square stems and opposite leaves 5-merous sympetalous flowers Flowers bilabiate or radial, in verticils (i.e. whorled arrangement in leaf axis) or inflorescences spike-like 4 stamens attached to the petals by filaments Four 1-seeded nutlets (nutlets, since seed coat stays fused-also thicker than in an achene)

Question 33

Oleaceae, Fraxinus

Answer 33

Dioecious trees with opposite, usually pinnately compound leaves Perianth reduced to 4 tiny sepals or none 2 stamens per staminate flower 2 fused carpels with 2 ovules/carpel Fruit a one-seeded samara

Question 34

Families in the order Solanales

Answer 34

Solanaceae Convolvulaceae Boraginaceae

Question 35

Solanaceae

Answer 35

Tomato family Herbs, shrubs and small trees, or vines Alternate leaves Flowers bisexual and radially symmetric Sepals five, connate and persistent; Superior ovary Petals five, connate; wheel, bell or funnel shaped corollas, often with distinct lines in the petals where they were folded in bud (plicate) Berry or capsule fruits

Question 36

Solanaceae includes which comestible fruit or vegetable?

Answer 36

Nicotine, Potato, tomato, eggplant

Question 37

Convolvulaceae

Answer 37

A family of vines; widespread but most are tropical/subtropical; Sweet potato and some horticultural flowers; some weeds Common Characteristics Twining vines, alternate leaves, leaves tiny scale-like in Cuscuta sympetalous, funnel shaped corollas, twisted in bud; perfect, radially symmetric 5 stamens attached by filaments to petals 2 fused carpels, each with 2 seeds, superior ovary Capsule fruits, 4-seeded

Question 38

Boraginaceae

Answer 38

Widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions; some horticultural flower Common Characteristics: Flowers in helicoid or scorpioid cymes 5-parted, sympetalous, radial symmetry corolla often has appendages 5 stamens attached by filaments to petals 4-lobed ovary (composed of 2 fused carpels) giving 4 1-seeded nutlets in fruit Often has stiff hairs

Question 39

Families in Order Gentianales

Answer 39

Apocynaceae Rubiaceae

Question 40

Family: Apocynaceae, Genus: Apocynum

Answer 40

Opposite or whorled simple leaves Milky (latex) sap with alkaloids, cardiac glycosides common in family Perfect, radial, 5-merous flowers synsepalous & sympetalous 5 epipetalous stamens alternate with petals anthers connivent in cone over style 2 carpels: distinct, superior ovaries united at the tip only by common style & stigma Paired follicles with many comose seeds (looks like thin beans)

Question 41

Family: Apocynaceae, Genus: Asclepias

Answer 41

pposite simple leaves Milky (latex) sap with alkaloids, cardiac Glycosides common in family Gynoecium and androecium fused Hoods & horns with nectar 2 follicles with many comose seeds, usually only one carpel is fertilized per flower

Question 42

Rubiaceae, Genus: Cephalanthus

Answer 42

Erect shrubs with opposite leaves Flowers in dense heads (the inflorescence type is head or capitulum) Fruit a schizocarp that splits into two nutlets Marshes, swamps, floodplains

Question 43

Why is the population of Cephalanthus disjunct in NA

Answer 43

Pleistocene glaciation interrupted its range

Question 44

Rubiaceae, Genus: Galium

Answer 44

Weak-stemmed herbs; trailing habit Whorled leaves 4-parted, perfect, inferior ovary flowers Corolla fused, rotate with short tube, with 4 epipetalous stamens 2 carpels; 1-seeded indehiscent fruits (nutlets)

Question 45

Common Characteristics Clade Campanulids

Answer 45

Carpels 2 - 5, fused Nearly all have inferior ovaries Stamens usually = < petals Epipetalous (stamens attached to the petals)

Question 46

Families in Campanulids

Answer 46

Apiales - Araliaceae -Apiaceae Dipsacales - Caprifoliaceae - Adoxaceae Asterales - Campanulaceae - Asteraceae

Question 47

Araliaceae

Answer 47

Alternate, compound or lobed leaves Umbellate inflorescence Radial symmetry, 5 separate, very small sepals, separate petals Capsule or drupe fruits

Question 48

Apiaceae

Answer 48

Carrot family Double umbel (compound) inflorescence Pastinaca Sativa Contains: - Carrot - Celery - Coriander - Cumin

Question 49

Similarities between Araliaceae & Apiaceae

Answer 49

Alternate compound leaves 5 parted perianth Sepals tiny or obsolete 5 stamens Inferior ovaries Umbellate inflorescence

Question 50

Major differences between Araliaceae & Apiaceae

Answer 50

Araliaceae: Simple umbels 2 - 5 carpels Drupe or capsule fruits Apiaceae Compound umbels 2 carpels Schizocarp

Question 51

Similarities between Adoxaceae & Caprifoliaceae

Answer 51

Shrubs or subshrubs with opposite leaves Leaves simple or pinnately compound Flowers axillary, in compound cymes, or paired Ovary inferior, 2 - 5 fused carpels Berry or drupe

Question 52

Similarities between Adixaceae & Caprifoliaceae

Answer 52

Caprifoliaceae Long-tubular, regular or irregular corollas, long styles & capitate stigma Adoxaceae Short tubular, regular corollas, short styles and flattened or lobed stigmas

Question 53

Adoxaceae, Genus: Viburnum

Answer 53

Understory of decideous forests, moist to wet open woods, forests and swamp edges Sterile & normal flowers Buds that are not contained in protective bud scales are found in many Viburnum species Compound cymes or drupes

Question 54

Asterales, Asteraceae

Answer 54

Head inflorescences: radiate, discoid, or ligulate subtended by an involucre of phyllaries (bracts) Flowers regular or irregular; five fused petals; may be reduced to three Pappus formed from sepal tissue 5 stamens, anthers fused together, specialized pollen presentation system 2 fused carpels (2 stigmas) with a single seed that matures into an achene

Question 55

What are the 3 types of florets in asteraceae

Answer 55

Disk (perfect), ray (female or sterile) and ligulate (perfect)

Question 56

What ate the sepals highly modified into in Asteraceae

Answer 56

Pappus around the base of each floret (scales, hairs or bristles)