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Philosophy and Ethics - Gen > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

(100 cards)

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0
Q

Define ‘adultery’

A

A married person having sex with someone who isn’t their husband or wife

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1
Q

Define ‘ordination’

A

The sacrament of holy orders, by which someone is made a deacon, priest or bishop

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2
Q

Define ‘aggression’

A

In war, this means attacking someone without provocation

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3
Q

Define ‘agnosticism’

A

A belief that it’s impossible to know whether or not there is a God. Not knowing if God exists

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4
Q

Define ‘Apostolic’

A

A belief that the church was founded by, and receives it’s authority from, Jesus’s Apostles

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5
Q

Define ‘assisted suicide’

A

Ending your own life with the help of someone else e.g. Asking for a fatal dose of pills

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6
Q

Define ‘atheism’

A

A complete denial of the existence of a God

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7
Q

Define ‘atonement’

A

Reconciliation with God. This often refers to Jesus’s sacrifice on the cross to pay for our sin

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8
Q

Define ‘Bereavement’

A

The loss of someone close to you through their death

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9
Q

Define ‘bullying’

A

Intimidating, frightening and controlling people who are weaker than you

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10
Q

Define ‘abortion’

A

Removing a foetus from the womb before it’s able to survive, ending the pregnancy

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11
Q

Define ‘catechism’

A

A series of statements laying down the official teachings of the Roman Catholic Church

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12
Q

Define ‘pacifism’

A

The idea that war and physical violence are wrong under any circumstances

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13
Q

Define ‘celibacy’

A

Not taking part in any sexual activity

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14
Q

Define ‘catholic’

A

Universal. Used to describe the community of all Christian believers

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15
Q

Define ‘chrism’

A

The blessed oil used in the sacraments of the confirmation and ordination

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16
Q

Define ‘numinous experience’

A

An experience that inspires awe and wonder, in which someone can feel Gods presence

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17
Q

Define ‘religious freedom’

A

The freedom to openly practice and teach a religion, change religion or not follow a religion at all

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18
Q

Define ‘civil partnership’

A

The legal joining of a same-sex couple with the same rights and responsibilities as in a civil marriage

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19
Q

Define ‘cloning’

A

Creating a living thing which is identical to another

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20
Q

Define ‘cohabitation’

A

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married

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21
Q

Define ‘community cohesion’

A

The bonds holding a community together

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22
Q

Define ‘conscience’

A

An inner feeling of what’s right and wrong

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23
Q

Define ‘Gethsemane’

A

The garden where Jesus prayed before his arrest

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24
Define 'confession'
Acknowledging something.
25
Define 'conservation'
Protecting and preserving resources, particularly natural resources
26
Define 'creed'
Statement of religious beliefs
27
Define 'cremation'
The burning of dead bodies
28
Define 'Decalogue'
The Ten Commandments, as listed in Exodus
29
Define 'discrimination'
Treating different people, or groups of people, differently (usually unfairly)
30
Define 'disciples'
Followers of Jesus. This can refer to just his followers in the Bible or to all Christians
31
Define 'euthanasia'
Ending someone's life to relieve their suffering, especially from an incurable, painful disease
32
Define 'exploitation'
Taking advantage of a weaker person it group of people
33
Define 'fasting'
Not eating and/ or drinking for a set time. Used in religion for atonement or to focus the mind
34
Define 'addiction'
A compulsion to keep doing something, even if you know it's harming you
35
Define 'conversion'
When someone's life is first changed by becoming a follower of a faith
36
Define 'free will'
The ability to choose how to behave. All three religions believe humans have free will
37
Define 'corban'
A gift dedicated to God
38
Define 'Golgotha'
The 'place of the skull' where Jesus was crucified
39
Define 'Holy Week'
The last week of Lent, lasting from Palm Sunday until the day before Easter Sunday
40
Define 'deterrence'
The idea that potential punishment will put people off commuting crime
41
Define 'humanity'
Either the human race or the caring nature of humans towards each other
42
Define 'human rights'
The moral, legal and political rights that every human being on Earth is entitled to
43
Define 'immortality of the soul'
The belief that the soul of the person lives on after the death of the body
44
Define 'Jairus'
A synagogue ruler who's daughter was brought back to life by Jesus
45
Define 'justice'
The idea of each person getting what the deserve, and maintaining what's right
46
Define 'incarnation'
The act by which Christians believe God became human, in the form of Jesus
47
Define 'Lent'
The period spent remembering Christ's 40 days spent starving in the desert
48
Define 'literalism'
The belief that everything in religious scripture is literally true
49
Define 'liturgy of the word'
The second part of Mass. Bible readings, a short sermon and a recitation of the creed
50
Define 'Magisterium'
The ability and authority of the Pope and bishops to teach on matters of faith and morals
51
Define 'mediation'
A form of religious disciple that involves clearing the mind of distractions
52
Define 'miracle'
An event beloved to be the work of God, that can't be explained by the laws of science
53
Define 'omnibenevolent'
All loving. Showing unlimited love and compassion
54
Define 'paranormal'
Things that science can't explain, which are thought to have spiritual causes e.g. Ghosts
55
Define 'omnipotence'
All powerful. Having unlimited powers-all things are possible
56
Define 'omniscience'
All knowing. Knowing everything- in the past, present and future
57
Define 'moral evil'
Suffering caused by human beings e.g. War, murder, rape, torture
58
Define 'ex nihilo'
Out of nothing
59
Define 'prayer'
An attempt to contact God, often in the form of a conversation
60
Define 'prejudice'
Judging something or someone with no good reason, or without full knowledge of the situation
61
Define 'procreation'
Having children
62
Define 'promiscuity'
Having many sexual partners
63
Define 'sexism'
Discrimination based on someone gender (male or female)
64
Define 'racism'
Discrimination against people of other races- often based on unfair stereotypes
65
Define 'mourning'
The period of deep sorrow for someone who had died
66
Define 'religious pluralism'
Accepting that more than one religious view is valid, and that all faiths have the same right to exist
67
Define 'reincarnation'
The rebirth of a soul In a new body after death
68
Define 'resurrection'
Being brought back to life after death. This could be resurrection of the body or the soul
69
Define 'reconciliation'
Returning to harmony and friendship after conflict
70
Define 'revelation'
An experience that reveals Gods presence
71
Define 'natural evil'
Suffering caused by the world we live in e.g. Disease, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes
72
Define 'stewardship'
Taking care of the Earth as custodians of creation, so it can be passed on to the next generation
73
Define 'the Sabbath'
The Jewish day of rest (Saturday)
74
Define 'near death experience'
A vision experienced by someone close to death, usually an 'out-of-body' experience
75
Define 'sacrament'
A ceremony, or outward sign, of the direct communication of Gods saving grace
76
Define 'nuclear family'
A family made up of a mother, a father and their child/children living together
77
Define 'sin'
An act that breaks a religious law, I.e. When Gods teaching is disobeyed
78
Define 'Sermon on the Mount'
A summary of Jesus' teachings on how to live a Christian life
79
Define 'capital punishment'
The death penalty as punishment for a crime
80
Define 'surrogacy'
When a woman bears a child for another woman
81
Define 'absolution'
Forgiveness of sins granted by God through a priest, following confession and penance
82
Define 'parousia'
Christian belief that one day Jesus will return to the earth again to judge the world
83
Define 'chastity'
When you choose not to have sex
84
Define 'monogamy'
One wife/ husband
85
Define 'homosexuality'
Sexual attracted to the same sex
86
Define 'heterosexuality'
Sexually attracted to the opposite sex
87
Define 'age of consent'
The age you have to be to legally do something
88
Define 'transcendent'
Above us all
89
Define 'creator'
Made everything
90
Define 'immanent'
Within us all
91
Define 'judge'
The decider-decides what happens next
92
Define 'messiah'
Anointed one
93
Define 'sacrifice'
The surrender something of value as a means of gaining something more desirable
94
Define 'trinity'
The Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit
95
Define 'monotheist'
Having belief in one religion
96
Define 'teleological argument'
The argument that states someone must have designed the universe. Isaac Newtons Thumb Theory (each thumb print is unique) and William Paleys Watchmaker theory, are both design arguments.
97
Define 'cosmological argument'
Argues that there must have been a first cause. Thomas Aquinas' domino theory supports this argument.
98
Define 'salvation'
Deliverance from sin and it's consequences, believed by Christians to be brought about by faith in Christ
99
Define 'redemption'
The action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil

Philosophy and Ethics - Gen (4 decks)

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