Glossary Chapter 12

Question 1

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

A compound that is used as the source of energy for cellular activities

Question 2

stem

Answer 2

a plant organ involved in transporting sugars, water and nutrients

Question 3

osmosis

Answer 3

the movement of water through a selective membrane from an area of low ‘salt’ concentration to an area of high ‘salt’ concentration, occurs in root cells

Question 4

vascular bundle

Answer 4

a group of tubes found in plant stems that carry water and nutrients around the plant

Question 5

xylem

Answer 5

the tissue in plants that carry water from the roots to the rest of the plant

Question 6

phloem

Answer 6

the vascular tissue found in plant stems that carry the sugars around the plant

Question 7

gamete

Answer 7

a sex cell: in the humans it is the egg and the sperm

Question 8

ovum

Answer 8

female gamete of flowering plants

Question 9

stigma

Answer 9

the part of the female reproductive structure in the flowering plants; the tip of the carpel where pollen is deposited

Question 10

ovary

Answer 10

the enlarged basal portion of the carpel that contains the ovum

Question 11

stamen

Answer 11

male reproductive structures in a flowering plant

Question 12

pollen

Answer 12

male gamete (sex cell) of a flowering plant

Question 13

pollination

Answer 13

the transfer of pollen (male gamete) to a stigma (female gamete)

Question 14

self-pollination

Answer 14

the pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant

Question 15

vegetative reproduction

Answer 15

asexual reproduction in plants where identical offspring are grown form the tissue of a parent plant

Question 16

cross - pollination

Answer 16

the exchange of pollen and ova between different plants of the same species

Question 17

zygote

Answer 17

the first cell of a new organism after fertilisation

Question 18

blood

Answer 18

the liquid that circulates in the blood vessels and contains a combination of cells, cell fragments, liquid and dissolved substances

Question 19

blood vessel

Answer 19

a tube that carries blood

Question 20

vein

Answer 20

a thin blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

Question 21

artery

Answer 21

the thick muscular-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart under pressure

Question 22

capillary

Answer 22

a blood vessel with a wall only one - cell think, allowing for substances to easily pass in and out of the blood

Question 23

metabolism

Answer 23

chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 24

urea

Answer 24

a form of nitrogen waste product formed by the body

Question 25

nephron

Answer 25

a tiny structure in the kidneys that filter out the blood

Question 26

cartilage

Answer 26

firm, flexible connective tissue that reduces the friction between joint bones

Question 27

ligament

Answer 27

a type of connective tissue that connects to other bones

Question 28

tissue

Answer 28

a group of cells that do a similar task

Question 29

tendon

Answer 29

a type of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Question 30

pharynx

Answer 30

the throat that connects the mouth to the oesophagus

Question 31

trachea

Answer 31

the large tube that connects the throat to the bronchi; carries air in and out of the body

Question 32

bronchi

Answer 32

the air passage that carry air in and out of the lungs; airways

Question 33

alveoli

Answer 33

tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

Question 34

diaphragm

Answer 34

the dome-shaped muscle that is attached to ribs and moves up and down beneath the lungs

Question 35

oestrogen

Answer 35

a hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body

Question 36

testosterone

Answer 36

a hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 37

ovulation

Answer 37

the release of an egg from the ovary

Question 38

foetus

Answer 38

the unborn offspring of an animal that develops from an embryo

Question 39

menstruation

Answer 39

the cycle involving the released egg and preparation of the uterus for pregnancy

Question 40

somatic cells

Answer 40

all body cells except gametes

Question 41

mitosis

Answer 41

the process of cell division to provide growth or repair

Question 42

parent cell

Answer 42

the cell from which other cells develop during cell division

Question 43

daughter cell

Answer 43

a cell that results from parent cell divison

Question 44

chromosomes

Answer 44

DNA molecules that carry genetic information

Question 45

haploid

Answer 45

(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (n)

Question 46

diploid

Answer 46

(of a cell or nucleus) having a set of paired chromosomes