Glossary Chapter 5 Flashcards
(21 cards)
the process by which people
understand an experience in terms
of their current stage of cognitive
development and way of thinking
assimilation
changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in response to encounters with new stimuli or
events
accommodation
the realization that people and
objects exist even when they
cannot be seen
object permanence
an internal image of a past event
or object
mental representation
an act in which a person who is
no longer present is imitated by
children who have witnessed a
similar act
deferred imitation
the lack of memory for experiences that occurred prior to three years of age
infantile amnesia
an overall developmental score that relates to performance in four domains: motor skills, language use, adaptive behavior, and personal–social
developmental quotient
a measure that evaluates an
infant’s development from 2 to 42
months in two areas: mental and
motor abilities
Bayley Scales of Infant
Development
making speech-like but meaningless sounds
babbling
one-word utterances that stand for
a whole phrase, whose meaning
depends on the particular context
in which they are used
holophrases
speech in which words not critical
to the message are left out
telegraphic speech
the overly restrictive use of words; common among children just mastering spoken language
underextension
the overly broad use of words,
overgeneralizing their meaning
overextension
a style of language use in which
language is used primarily to label
objects
referential style
a style of language use in which
language is used primarily to
express feelings and needs about
oneself and others
expressive style
the theory that language
acquisition follows the basic laws
of reinforcement and conditioning
learning theory approach to
language
the theory that a genetically determined, innate mechanism directs language development
nativist approach to language
Noam Chomsky’s theory that all
the world’s languages share a similar underlying structure
universal grammar
a neural system of the brain hypothesized to permit understanding of language
language-acquisition device (LAD)
the perspective that suggests that
language development is produced
through a combination of genetically determined predispositions and environmental circumstances that help teach language
interactionist approach to
language
a type of speech directed toward
infants; characterized by short,
simple sentences
infant-directed speech
