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ACE Personal Training Vocab > Glossary e-h > Flashcards

Glossary e-h Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

eating disorder

A

bad eating pattern - threatens a persons physical / psychological health

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2
Q

eccentric

A

isotonic muscle contraction - muscle lengthens against a resistance when it is stimulated.
known as negative work/rep

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3
Q

edema

A

swelling from an excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body

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4
Q

ejection fraction

A

percentage of total volume of blood that is pumped from the left ventricle during the systolic contraction of the heart

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5
Q

elasticity

A

temporary/recoverable elongation of the heart

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6
Q

elastin

A

protein, similar to collagen, found in connective tissue that has elastic properties

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7
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral exists as a charged ion in the body. important for normal cellular function.

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8
Q

emotional arousal

A

state of heightened emotional, physiological behavior

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9
Q

empathy

A

understanding what they are experiencing from your own perspective

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10
Q

emphysema

A

obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by gradual destruction of lung alveoli and the surrounding connective tissue, airway inflammation, leading to reduced ability to effectively breathe

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11
Q

employee

A

person who works for a boss

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12
Q

End-diastolic volume

A

volume of blood at the end of the cardiac filling cycle (diastole)

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13
Q

endocrine

A

refers to the gland or the substance secreted directly into the systemic circulation.

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14
Q

endomysium

A

layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers and contains capillaries, nerves, and lymphatics.

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15
Q

endosteum

A

soft tissue lining the internal surface of the diaphysis on a long bone

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16
Q

endothelial dysfunction

A

imbalance between vasodilating and vasoconstricting substances produced by the endothelium (inner lining of blood vessels) which can lead to atherosclerosis

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17
Q

enzyme

A

protein that speeds up a specific chemical reaction

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18
Q

epimysium

A

layer of connective tissue that encloses the entire muscle and is continuous with the fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle. including the endomysium and perimysium.

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19
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone released as part of the sympathetic response to exercise AKA adrenaline

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20
Q

epiphyseal cartilage

A

cartilaginous layer between the head and shaft of a long bone where bone growth occurs. Growth Plate.

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21
Q

epiphysis

A

end of a long bone, wider than the shaft

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22
Q

episiotomy

A

incision made in the perineum-tissue between the vaginal opening and the anus - during childbirth

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23
Q

ergogenic

A

intended to enhance physical performance, stamina or recovery

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24
Q

ergonomic

A

designed for efficiency and comfort in the working environment

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25
Essential amino acid
8-10 to 10-23 different amino acids needed to make proteins. essential because the body can't make them. They come from diet.
26
essential body fat
necessary for maintenance of body life & reproductive function
27
essential hypertension
primary hypertension that is without an identifiable cause
28
estimated average requirement EAR
an adequate intake in 50% of an age group sex specific
29
estrogen
estrus-producing steroid compounds produced primarily in the ovaries; female sex hormone
30
euhydration
state of normal body water content
31
evaporation
molecules in a liquid state (water) become gases
32
eversion
rotation of the foot to direct the plantar surface outward; occurs in frontal plane
33
evidence based practice
informed decisions and taking action based on the available decisions
34
exculpatory clause
clause within a waiver that bars the potential plaintiff from recovery
35
exercise-induced bronchoconstriction EIB
loss of air & difficulty breathing during exercise due to too much cold, hot or both air. occurs during exercise & can last about 10-15 minutes
36
expiration
exhaling
37
express partnership
partnership created through a formal contract
38
extension
straightening a joint. usually applied to the muscular movement of a limb
39
external rotation
outward turning of the vertical axis of the bone
40
extinction
removing a positive stimulus that has previous followed a behavior
41
extrinsic feedback
information received from another person to you
42
extrinsic motivation
motivation that comes from an external rewards - material/social
43
fartlek training
speed play - randomly changes the aerobic intensity based on how one feels. interval training
44
fascia
connective tissue that develops & isolates the muscles of the body & providing structural support and protection
45
fascicle
bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium
46
fasciitis
inflammation of fascia
47
fast twitch muscle fiber
Type II Fiber - low oxidative capacity but a high glycolytic capacity; for rapid, powerful movements such as jumping throwing & sprinting
48
fat
essential fat that provides energy & energy storage. 1 gram of fat equals 9 kcal
49
fat oxidation
metabolic pathway of breaking down fatty acids when in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate ATP
50
fat free mass FFM
body composition that represents everything but fat. blood bones connective tissue organs & muscle. aka Lean body mass
51
fatty acid
long hydrocarbon chain with even # of carbons & varying degrees of saturation with hydrogen
52
feedback
giving corrective/incorrectness of a response.
53
femoral anteversion
congenital condition - femur is rotated inward (medially)
54
fiber
carbohydrate chains in the body that cannot break down for use & pass through the body undigested
55
first ventilatory threshold VT1
aerobic exercise - ventilation starts to increase in a non-linear fashion in response to an accumulation of metabolic by products in the blood
56
flexibility
ability to move joints through their full range of movements
57
flexion
moving a joint so the two bones forming it are brought closer together
58
flow through taxation
financial loss & profit flow directly to the investors from the business
59
foramina
holes/openings in the bones or body cavities
60
force couple relationship
situations where muscles work together to achieve a balanced movement
61
fracture
break in the continuity of the bone.
62
franchise
like mcdonalds/vasa
63
free radical
can damage DNA, cause cancer & it is a chemical group that has unshared electrons available for reaction
64
frontal plane
divides body into anterior & posterior
65
frostbite
freezing of the skin/underlying tissues | skin becomes cold & red..then numb, hard & pale.
66
fructose
fruit sugar. sweetest monosaccharides
67
gait
style of walking
68
ganglia
nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervouse system
69
gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD
chronic condition with the lower esophageal spincter allows gastric acids to reflux into the esophagus causing heartburn, acid indigestion & possible injury to esophageal lining
70
gemelli
posterior hip muscles that when activated contribute to external rotation of the femur in acetabulum
71
general partnership
each partner assumes management responsibility & unlimited liability
72
general supervision
employee/work does not require constant supervision
73
genu valgum
knock knee deformity where the angulation distal to the knee is away from the midline of the body
74
gestational diabetes mellitus
inability to maintain normal glucose or any during pregnancy. despite being treated with diet or insulin
75
ghrelin
hormone produced in stomach- stimulates appetite
76
glucose
simple sugar- all carbohydrates are used as the body's energy source
77
glycogen
chief carb storage material. formed in the liver & stored in liver & muscles
78
glycogen sparing
use of non-carbohydrates as a source of energy during exercise so that the depletion of muscle glycogen stores is delayed. example - use fat for energy during running. 2nd wind
79
glycolysis
breakdown of glucose or of its storage form glycogen
80
goal setting theory
developed by edwin locke & gary latham that identified a connection between the establishment of goals tasks
81
golgi-mazzoni corpuscle
specialized mechanoreceptor located in the joint capsule responsible for detecting joint compression.
82
golgi tendon organ GTO
sensory organ that causes inhibition of the entire muscle group to protect against too much force
83
green exercise
performed in natural areas
84
gross neglegence
a waiver clause cannot prevent a suit for gross negligence. the worst of the worst.
85
ground reaction force
force exerted by the ground when a body makes contact with it
86
group waiver
waiver includes lines for multiple signatrues
87
growth hormone
secreted by pituitary gland that facilitates prtein syntheses in the body
88
guiding style
personal trainer is engaged but the client is the main player
89
gynoid
adipose tissue or body fat distributed on the hips or the lower body. ( pear shaped individuals)
90
health belief model
an individuals decision to adopt healthy behaviors is based upon their perception of susceptibility to an illness and the severity of it.
91
health claim
statement that describes the relationship between food and the prevention/treatment of a disease
92
health equity
fair & equal opportunity for every individual to attain their highest level of health
93
health insurance portability and accountability act HIPPA
1996 act to protect the personal informance of all clients regarding health/patient care
94
healthy mediterranean-style eating pattern
usda food patterns associated with positive healthy eating outcomes
95
healthy US eating patterns
based on types and proportions of foods americans consume. nutrients
96
healhty vegetarian eating pattern
eating vegetables.
97
heart disease
structural function/abnormality of the heart/blood vessels supplying the heart that impairs its normal functioning
98
heart rate
heart beats per minute
99
heart rate reserve HRR
the hearts ability to increase the rate of beating and cardiac output above resting level to maximal intensity
100
heat exhaustion
most common heat related incident. result of intense exercise in a hot humid environment and profuse sweating. result in fluid & electrolyte loss, drop in blood pressure, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, decreased coordination and often syncope (fainting)

ACE Personal Training Vocab (2 decks)

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