Glossary Exam #1

Question 1

a substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in aqueous solution.

Answer 1

Acids

Question 2

an organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups.

Answer 2

Alcohols

Question 3

an organic compound containing one or more –CHO groups.

Answer 3

Aldehyde

Question 4

an organic compound containing nitrogen; any compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals. The general formula for primary amines is R-NH2.

Answer 4

Amines

Question 5

the building blocks of proteins; a compound containing an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl (-COOH) group attached to an alpha carbon and a radical.

Answer 5

Amino acid

Question 6

any compound that can act as both an acid and a base in solution. (Amino acid).

Answer 6

Amphoteric

Question 7

chemicals used to keep the blood in the liquid state; chemical agents that retard the tendency of the blood to become more viscous by natural post mortem processes and/or prevent other adverse reactions between the blood and the other embalming chemicals.

Answer 7

Anticoagulants

Question 8

the smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element.

Answer 8

Atom

Question 9

a substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.

Answer 9

Bases

Question 10

that branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms.

Answer 10

Biochemistry

Question 11

the rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor state by forming bubbles through the action of heat. The term for the point of equilibrium between the liquid and gas states of matter and typically employed when the temperature is increasing.

Answer 11

Boiling

Question 12

substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing, within limits, both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original, or constant pH, of the solution.

Answer 12

Buffers

Question 13

a change in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed.

Answer 13

Chemical changes

Question 14

characteristics that can be observed when a substance is interacting with other substances resulting in a change of chemical composition.

Answer 14

Chemical properties

Question 15

the branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, with the changes that matter undergoes, and with the energy associated with each of these changes.

Answer 15

Chemistry

Question 16

a substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportions by mass.

Answer 16

Compounds

Question 17

the gradual decomposition of dead organic matter by the enzymes of aerobic bacteria.

Answer 17

Decay

Question 18

the removal of water from a substance.

Answer 18

Dehydration

Question 19

the disruption and breakdown of the secondary structure of a protein by heat or chemicals.

Answer 19

Denaturation

Question 20

chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one.

Answer 20

Deodorants

Question 21

an organic compound containing two aldehyde (-CHO) radicals.

Answer 21

Dialdehyde

Question 22

the movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached.

Answer 22

Diffusion

Question 23

a solution containing relatively small amount of solute.

Answer 23

Dilute solution

Question 24

a natural or synthetic compound that is used to impart color to another material.

Answer 24

Dyes

Question 25

a simple substance which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means.

Answer 25

Elements

Question 26

the study of those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection and preservation of human remains.

Answer 26

Embalming chemistry

Question 27

the fluids specifically designed for preservation and disinfection purposes.

Answer 27

Embalming fluids

Question 28

a compound with the general formula RCOOR’ (where R is a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen and R’ is a hydrocarbon group). It is formed from an alcohol and organic (or carboxylic) acid by removal of water (dehydration).

Answer 28

Ester

Question 29

that amount of formaldehyde necessary to overcome any nitrogen residue and cause the body proteins to become coagulated.

Answer 29

Formaldehyde demand

Question 30

a change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid by the loss of heat. The term for the point of equilibrium between the solid and liquid states and typically employed when the temperature is decreasing.

Answer 30

Freezing

Question 31

a state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one another.

Answer 31

Gases

Question 32

the condition of water that results from dissolved minerals and metallic ions such as calcium and magnesium.

Answer 32

Hardness of water

Question 33

chemicals that increase the capability of embalmed tissues to retain moisture.

Answer 33

Humectants

Question 34

a compound in which there is a chemical union between water and certain substances when they crystallize.

Answer 34

Hydrates

Question 35

a chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down or dissociated by water; a reaction between a salt and water to yield an acid and a base of unequal strengths.

Answer 35

Hydrolysis

Question 36

a solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.

Answer 36

Hypertonic solution

Question 37

a solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.

Answer 37

Hypotonic solution

Question 38

the strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of solution.

Answer 38

Index

Question 39

that branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding organic or certain carbon-containing compounds.

Answer 39

Inorganic chemistry

Question 40

an atomic or molecular species with a positive (cation) or negative (anion) electrical charge; an atom of an element or a group of atoms acting as one unit that has lost or gained an electron or electrons and exhibits a charge.

Answer 40

Ion

Question 41

a solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared.

Answer 41

Isotonic solution

Question 42

any class of organic compounds containing the carbonyl group * (C=O) group whose carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms; the carbonyl group occurs within the carbon chain.

Answer 42

Ketones

Question 43

the amount of a poison (or radiation) that will kill 50% of the group to which it has been administered.

Answer 43

Lethal dose 50% (LD50)

Question 44

a substance that flows readily but does not tend to expand indefinitely.

Answer 44

Liquids

Question 45

anything that has mass and occupies space.

Answer 45

Matter

Question 46

the change in state from a solid to a liquid.

Answer 46

Melting

Question 47

an element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity of electricity and heat.

Answer 47

Metal

Question 48

a combination of two or more substances not chemically united and NOT in definite proportion by mass.

Answer 48

Mixtures

Question 49

the smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone; an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which for a specific chemical substance.

Answer 49

Molecule

Question 50

the reaction of an acid and a base to produce salt and water.

Answer 50

Neutralization

Question 51

any element that is not a metal. Tend to form negative ions.

Answer 51

Nonmetal

Question 52

a common name for a triacylglycerol that is a liquid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids.

Answer 52

Oils

Question 53

that branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon-containing compounds.

Answer 53

Organic chemistry

Question 54

a method of expressing low concentrations; 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 milligram per liter.

Answer 54

Parts per million (ppm)

Question 55

a bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl (organic acid) group on the other amino acid.

Answer 55

Peptide bond

Question 56

the tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number. This arrangement allows the columns of elements to represent the periodic recurrence of similar properties.

Answer 56

Periodic table

Question 57

the measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Answer 57

pH

Question 58

a change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition.

Answer 58

Physical changes

Question 59

properties of a substance that are observed without a change in chemical composition, which include color, odor, taste, solubility, density, hardness, melting point, and boiling point.

Answer 59

Physical properties

Question 60

characteristics by which substances may be identified.

Answer 60

Properties

Question 61

a biological component that is a polymer of many amino acids.

Answer 61

Protein

Question 62

surface-active agents that are generally used for disinfection of skin, oral and nasal cavities, as well as instruments.

Answer 62

Quaternary ammonium compound

Question 63

any group of substances that result from the reaction between acids and bases other than water.

Answer 63

Salts

Question 64

a solution containing all of the solute the solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure.

Answer 64

Saturated solution

Question 65

the condensed state of matter having a definite shape and volume.

Answer 65

Solids

Question 66

the measure of how well two substances mix.

Answer 66

Solubility

Question 67

a substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount.

Answer 67

Solute

Question 68

a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent.

Answer 68

Solution

Question 69

the process of dissolving.

Answer 69

Solvation

Question 70

a substance that does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount.

Answer 70

Solvent

Question 71

a physical property of matter (solid, liquid, or gas); Condition of phase in the physical composition of a substance at a given temperature and pressure

Answer 71

State of matter

Question 72

the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area.

Answer 72

Surface tension

Question 73

chemicals that will reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through smaller apertures.

Answer 73

Surfactants (surface tension reducers/wetting agents/penetrating agents)

Question 74

a mixture of a solute and a solvent in which the size of the solute particles is greater than 100 nanometers. Particles of solute do not pass through filters or membranes.

Answer 74

Suspension

Question 75

the study of those physical and chemical changes in the human body that are caused by the process of death.

Answer 75

Thanatochemistry

Question 76

a solution containing less of the solute than can be held in solution by the solvent.

Answer 76

Unsaturated solution

Question 77

the neutralization product of formaldehyde by ammonia – C6H12N4.

Answer 77

Urotropin

Question 78

the physical change from a liquid to a gas.

Answer 78

Vaporization

Question 79

liquids that serve as solvents for the numerous ingredients incorporated in embalming solutions. Generally, water and sometimes alcohol.

Answer 79

Vehicles

Question 80

the resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between the molecules of a liquid.

Answer 80

Viscosity