Glossary of Terms Flashcards
1
Q
slaughter house
A
abbatoir
2
Q
tear in the skin due to friction or rubbing
A
abrasion
3
Q
expulsion of fetuses; expulsion of fully developed piglets before the completion of pregnancy and before they are able to survive
A
abortion
4
Q
adjustment of the breeding pig to the conditions prevailing in the farm to which it has been introduced to enable it to perform to optimum standards
A
acclimatization
5
Q
the state or quality to be reached
A
accessibility
6
Q
collective
A
accumulative
7
Q
condition in which the acidity of the body fluids & tissues is abnormally high
A
acidosis
8
Q
referring to a disease which has a rapid onset, short course & pronounced signs
A
acute
9
Q
failure to secrete milk following birth; absence of milk
A
agalactia
10
Q
management method wherein a group of fattening pigs enters the unit at the same time and leaves together at a certain period once they reach the market weight
A
all in/all out
11
Q
what are the main symptoms of anemia?
A
paleness, hurried breathing & low resistance to infection
12
Q
any drug or chemical used to destroy parasitic worms
A
anthelmintic
13
Q
a chemical substance derived from a mold or bacteria that inhibit the growth of another microorganism
A
antibiotic
14
Q
a protein substance developed or synthesized by lymphoid tissues of the body in response to an antigenic stimulus
A
antibody
15
Q
True or False.
In disease defense, the animal must have an encounter with the pathogens/ antigen before a specific antibody is developed in its blood.
A
True
16
Q
a high molecular-weight substance (usually a protein) which, when foreign to the bloodstream of the animal, stimulates formation of a specific antibody
A
antigen
17
Q
a chemical substances that prevents the growth & development of microorganism
A
antiseptic
18
Q
suffocation
A
Asphyxiation
19
Q
inflammation of the joints
A
arthritis
20
Q
shaky movements & unsteady gait
A
ataxia
21
Q
shrinkage of a normal organ
A
atrophy
22
Q
the presence of bacteria or microorganism in the blood
A
bacteremia
23
Q
male pig of any age that is usually intended for breeding
A
boar
24
Q
animals used for reproduction (sows, gilts, boars,)
A
breeders
25
small broken blood vessels
bruises
26
to make a hole
burrow
27
removal of testes
castration
28
referring to a disease condition that is continuous and long lasting
chronic
29
referring to direct observation
clinical
30
the 1st secretion of the breast, occurring shortly after or sometimes before birth. It contains serum, while blood cells & antibodies
colostrum
31
act of fertilization
conception
32
percentage of sows that become pregnant after service
conception rate
33
a condition or disease that has affected the animal since birth
congenital
34
an organism is inside the pig’s body without causing any clinical damage or disease
contamination
35
can be easily transferred
contagious
36
of disinfectant used to increase solubility & applied in 2-4 solution
cresol
37
place for piglets inside the following/rearing pen
creep area
38
mainly due to crumpling
crushing
39
a thin, hard, dry layer on the surface
crusts
40
all unwanted animals removed from the herd
culls
41
the removal of undesirable or unproductive animals within the herd
culling
42
bluish discoloration of the extremities due to circulatory disturbances
cyanosis
43
an ovary containing an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid or semi solid material, with a membranous lining
cystic ovary
44
a mother pig
dam
45
loss of body fluids
dehydration
46
a pig which has been sold for slaughter
delivered/market pig
47
fecal looseness
diarrhea
48
a selection or combination of different feedstuffs provided in a continuous schedule
diet/ration
49
gross energy minus fecal energy
Digestible Energy
50
a chemical capable of destroying disease-causing microorganism or parasites
disinfectant
51
moisture
draft
52
carcass weight; weight after slaughtering and removal of entrails
dressed weight
53
the time interval from weaning to service
dry period
54
non-pregnant sows; unbred sow which has just been weaned
dry sows
55
where fatteners are supposed to defecate
dunging area
56
difficulty in breathing
dyspnea
57
difficulty of farrowing
Dystocia
58
swelling of the part or all of the body due to accumulation of excess water
edema
59
excessive loss of flesh
emaciation
60
the final/market weight
end weight
61
vigor or power in action
energy
62
period of sexual receptivity in female; heat period
estrus
63
relating to or affecting the intestine
enteric
64
a painful infection in the intestine
enteritis
65
endemic; denoting a disease of animals which indigenous to a certain locality
enzootic
66
any fluid that has move out of a tissue or its capillaries, because of injury or inflammation
exudate
67
the act giving birth in sow
farrowing
68
an equipment where a sow is placed before farrowing until weaning to avoid crushing piglets
farrowing crate
69
a pig raised for pork/meat consumption; fattener weight usually starts at 15 – 20 kg
fattener
70
the number of days a pig stays on a farm for fattening until marketing
fattening days
71
dung, stool, manure waste
feces
72
the amount of feed to convert one kilogram of gain in weight
feed conversion ratio
73
the amount of feed consumed by the pig
feeds consumed
74
constructed or fabricated device where feeds are placed for pig consumption
feed trough
75
any material suitable for animal feed
feedstuff
76
a young organism in the uterus from the time the organ system has been developed until its birth
fetus
77
given to fattener of 60 kg until market weight with CP of 14%
finisher
78
pig which are 60 kgs and up
finisher
79
act of transferring of piglets from one sow to another
fostering
80
very thin & pale
gaunt
81
pregnancy time from conception to birth
gestation
82
young female pig under one year of age & has not yet been given birth
gilt
83
protrusion of an organ or tissue out of a body cavity in which it normally lies
hernia
84
the existence of vigor or performance in crossbred animal that is higher than the average of both parents. It is also known as hybrid vigor
heterosis
85
a substance produced by the cells of the body & passed in the blood stream to influence other cells elsewhere in the body
hormone
86
practice/measures designed to attain & preserve health
hygiene
87
redness of a part of an organ, can be a part of the skin, liver etc.
hyperemia
88
the presence in the blood of an abnormally low concentration of calcium
hypocalcemia
89
a deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream, causing muscular weakness & incoordination, mental confusion & sweating
hypoglycemia
90
specific resistance of an animal against disease-causing organism
immunity
91
a disease caused by an organism
infection
92
production of milk
lactation
93
swelling
inflammation
94
disease and infections that are naturally transmitted from animal to man
Zoonotic disease
95
the period from farrowing until weaning; period when the sow is nursing the piglets
lactation period
96
the animal lies on its side
Lateral recumbency
97
an infection disease which begins with a fever & may affect the liver (causing jaundice) or meninges (resulting in meningitis)
leptospirosis
98
the added weight of a pig from one period to another
Weight gain
99
disruptive changes in a cell, tissue or organ of the animal when infected
lesion
100
a group of pigs born in one farrowing
litter
101
a young pig, separated from the sow, about 30 to 90 days old
Weanling
102
the number of farrowing of one sow per year
Litter index or Farrowing index
103
number of farrowing/parities
Litter number
104
the number of pigs born in one litter
Litter size
105
the weight of all live pigs
Liveweight
106
the number of the days sow is neither pregnant nor lactating nor dry; ideally about 7 days
Lost days
107
type of disinfectant which contains approximately 94% sodium hydroxide
Lye
108
the final weight of a pig for slaughtering/marketing
Market weight
109
inflammation of breast or mammary gland
Mastitis
110
the first feces of a newborn which are sticky and brown
Meconium
111
inflammation of the uterus
Metritis
112
number of affected animals
Morbidity
113
number of dead pigs
Mortality
114
a viscous fluid secreted by mucous membranes in many parts of the body, including the mouth, bronchial passages & gut; it acts as protective barrier over surfaces of the membranes
Mucous
115
death of a tissues
Necrosis
116
the chemical substance found in feed materials that can be used, and are necessary for the maintenance, production & health; the chief classes are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins & water
Nutrients
117
extremely unpleasant
Obnoxious
118
the number of days an animal stay in a pen
Occupancy
119
connected with the sense of smell
Olfactory
120
a titanic spasm in which the spine & extremities are bent with convexity forward, the body resting on the head & the heels, sometimes with bulging of the eyes
Opisthotonos
121
the release of egg cell or ovum from the ovary
Ovulation
122
a hormone which is mainly responsible for uterine contraction and milk flow
Oxytocin
123
a medical treatment that will not cure a problem but will reduce the pain
Palliative
124
medical examination done by touching the body
Palpate
125
loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury or disease of the nerve supply
Paralysis
126
number of farrowing
Parities
127
disease causing organism
Pathogens
128
the ability of the organism to cause damage or disease
Pathogenic
129
a strong material in the pelvis that holds the origin in its place
Pelvic ligament
130
symbol for logarithm of thereciprocal of the (H) ion concentration
pH
131
the number of piglets born alive in one farrowing
Piglets born alive per litter
132
the organ of metabolic interchange between the fetuses and the sow
Placenta
133
scab
Plaques
134
inflammation of the pleura or the membranous covering of the lungs
Pleuritis
135
inflammation of the lungs usually manifested by coughing
Pneumonia
136
given to piglets at 14 – 21 days of age with a CP of 20%
Pre-starter feed
137
the period from fertilization to farrowing time; also known as gestation
Pregnancy
138
money obtained from sales
Proceeds
139
the period from one pregnancy to another
Production cycle
140
abnormal protrusion of a part of organ
Prolapse
141
preventive
Prophylactic
142
severe
Profuse
143
a hormone which is mainly responsible for the termination of farrowing, it also causes abortion or premature farrowing
Prostaglandin
144
losing strength, energy
Prostration
145
itching
Pruritus
146
false pregnancy
Pseudo pregnancy
147
sexual maturity exhibited by 1st heat or ovulation
Puberty
148
the average number of piglets reared
Reared piglets per sow per year
149
female pigs primarily raised for breeding purposes
Rearing boars/replacement gilts
150
placing all animals that have been bought in isolation for a certain period of time; compulsory segregation of exposed susceptible animals for a period of time equal to the longest usual incubation period of the disease to which they have been exposed. An enforced regulation for the exclusion or isolation of an animal to prevent the spread of a disease.
Quarantine
151
surfactant commonly used for general disinfection of dairy, meat- packing & food handling equipment
Quaternary ammonium compound
152
not able to stand; too weak to stand
Recumbent
153
happening or appearing repeatedly
Recurrent
154
the total process by which pigs produce offspring
Reproduction
155
inflammation of the turbinate
Rhinitis
156
a disease in which the bone do not harden & are malformed due to a deficiency of vitamin D
Rickets
157
feed consisting of bulky & coarse plant parts; containing high fiber & low digestible nutrients, arbitrarily defined as fed over 18% crude fiber; classified as earlier dry or green
Roughage
158
a pathogenic, diarrhea-producing organism, of which there are over 100 known stains, sometimes present in contaminated feeds
Salmonella
159
provisions means whereby health is protected or arrangement for disposal of manure or waste
Sanitation
160
fecal looseness; diarrhea
Scour
161
bag of flesh that contains the testicles
Scrotum
162
feeding device used for ad-libitum feeding practices
Self-feeder
163
the colorless fluid portion of the blood remaining after clotting & removal of corpuscles
Serum
164
the act of breeding
Service
165
weight loss
Shrinkage
166
a thin narrow piece of wood, metal, iron etc. used for flooring in the pens
Slat
167
long nose of the pig
Snout
168
mature female pig; one that has given birth
Sow
169
an involuntary muscular contraction; if painful, usually referred to as a cramp, if violent, a convulsion
Spasm
170
the cord, consisting of the vas deferens, nerves & blood vessels, that runs from the abdominal cavity to the testicle of scrotum
Spermatic cord
171
legs that are spread further apart
Splay leg
172
not fresh
Stale
173
given to piglets & weaners usually at 45 days (10kgs) to +100 days old (30- 35 kgs) with CP at 18%
Starter feed
174
pig form 15 – 30 kgs
Starters
175
initial weight
Starting weight
176
the animal lies on its chest
Sternal recumbency
177
a fully developed piglet which was born dead
Still born
178
worksheet which allows a pig raiser to program and plan the number of gilts and boars to be purchased and mated at any given time in order to achieve the targeted population in a pig farm with a specified level of production
Stock projection sheet
179
a group of organisms having special properties distinguishing them from other members of the same species
Strains
180
stopped growth
Stunted
181
describing a disease that is suspected but is not sufficient developed to produce definite signs & symptoms of the animal
Sub-clinical
182
prevention of breathing
Suffocation
183
happening at the same time
Synchronize
184
a young pig from birth up to weaning
Suckling
185
monitoring data which will enable the pig raiser to have a clear understanding of the farm results and the status of the farm performance
Technical parameters
186
a boar used in crossbreeding program for the production of slaughter pigs
Terminal sire
187
spasm and writing of the muscles, particularly those of the face, hands and feet
Tetany
188
tied to a post or tree
Tethered
189
condition where blood contains poisonous products produced by the body cells from microorganism
Toxemia
190
poison
Toxin
191
pigs produced from the mating of a two-breed crossbred sow to selected terminal sire of different breed
Triple cross pigs
192
composed of treats and mammary glands
Udder
193
a state which the uterine muscles are floppy, lacking their normal elasticity
Uterine atony
194
a part of the female reproduction tract where the embryo is implanted to become a dully mature piglet ready for expulsion
Uterus
195
a suspension of killed microorganism (bacteria, viruses) administered for the prevention of infection disease
Vaccine
196
an injection of vaccine, bacterin, antiserum or antitoxin to produce immunity or tolerance to disease
Vaccination
197
a boar that has undergone vasectomy which is the excision of a segment of the vas deferens, performed to produce sterility
Vasectomized boar
198
one of a group of minute infectious agents
Virus
199
the external genitalia of the female
Vulva
200
the average number of piglets weaned from one sow for one year
Weaned piglets per sow per year
201
a pig which has been separated from it become a fully mature piglet
Weaner
202
the process of separating the young from its dam
Weaning
