VI. The Sow Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
time interval from weaning to service
A
dry period
2
Q
a good sow should come back into heat & be ready for service within ____ days after weaning
A
3 to 7
3
Q
signs of poor management practice
A
- low conception rate
- abortion
- Small litter size at birth & weaning
- Impaired reproduction
4
Q
Lactation period should only be _____ to shorten dry period
A
6 weeks
5
Q
How many times will you check heat occurrence in a day
A
twice
6
Q
time during which the sow will accept the boar
A
heat period or estrus
7
Q
ovulation takes place ____ after the onset of estrus
A
40 hours
8
Q
sperm cell lives only _______ hours in the reproductive tract of female
A
28 – 48
9
Q
this stage that conception & early development of the embryo takes place
A
1st 3-4 weeks
10
Q
Advantages of early pregnancy detection
A
- It makes possible to cull or re-breed non pregnant, feed wasting females
- Allows closer grouping of a number of sows for a farrowing period
- It gives early warning for breeding troubles such as infantile boars or cystic ovaries
- enables the producer to make more effective use of his breeding facilities & to plan more adequately for farrowing, nursing & finishing
11
Q
PREPARATIONS FOR FARROWING
A
- Prepare the sow
- Prepare the farrowing pen
12
Q
Preparing the farrowing pen (4)
A
- Place guard rails to prevent sow from crushing the piglets
- Check water supply
- Place an artificial or supplemental heat for piglets
- Place light and absorbent beddings
13
Q
SIGNS OF FARROWING
A
- Nest making (nudging of hurdles, walls & flooring, biting of hurdles & guard rails)
- ‘dog sitting’ position
- Distension & enlargement of udder of the sow
- Enlargement & swelling of the vulva
- Small round size of sow’s manure & frequent urination
- Milk letdown – the sow is to farrow in 24 hours
- Mucous discharge with meconium
- Signs of labor
14
Q
kg of feed per day given at stage 1
A
2.0
15
Q
kg of feed per day given at stage 2
A
2.0
16
Q
stage in which we must bring the sow in the right body condition
A
stage 2
17
Q
it increases the sow’s capacity to eat a lot of feed which is advantageous later in the lactation period
A
roughage
18
Q
kg of feed per day given to the pregnant sow 1 month before farrowing if she is thin
A
2.5 - 3.0
19
Q
kg of feed per day given to the pregnant sow 1 month before farrowing if she is fat and want to slim her down
A
1.5 + 0.5 - 1.0 roughage
20
Q
roughage can be given as early in stage?
A
stage 2
21
Q
kg of feed per day given at stage 3
A
- 5 (+ 0.5 – 1.0)
22
Q
kg of feed per day given at stage 4
A
2.0
23
Q
kg of feed per day given at stage 5
A
0
24
Q
weight of embryo in 30th day
A
40 grams
25
weight of embryo in 60th day
100 grams
26
weight of embryo in 90th day
400 grams
27
weight of embryo in 115th day
1400 grams (1.4 kg)
28
deworming
7-14 days before farrowing
29
Mange treatment
14 & 7 days before breeding
30
Washing, scrubbing & spraying with disinfectant of pregnant sows
Before farrowing & before transfer to the farrowing pen
31
Pseudorabies
3 weeks before farrowing
32
E. coli bacteria
2 wks before farrowing
33
Suckling period could be from
28 days to 42 days
34
very critical & demanding at farrowing time
management
35
expelled when sow is finished giving birth
placenta
36
Interval between piglets not be longer than
15 minutes
37
farrowing hours
30 mins to 6 hours
38
Assistance to sows should be given if the following is observed:
a. Restlessness
b. Excessive straining
c. Piglet interval is 45 minutes
39
Farrowing problems are usually observed in
older, overweight & nervous sows
40
Reasons why piglets are slow to be born
1. Large piglet is stuck in the birth canal
2. Piglets coming out at the same time
3. Exhausted sow for farrowing quite sometimes
4. Farrowing house is to warm
41
Procedure for assistance in farrowing
a. Wash the sow's vulva & its surrounding to remove organic matter & dirt
b. Wash hands & lubricate
c. Insert hand slowly into the vagina, then to the cervix. The uterus will be either straight ahead or down over the brim of the pelvis
d. When your hand is in the uterus, you can palpate the piglets head or hind legs, then pull it out. If 2 piglets are stuck, push one back &synchronize the pulling with the contraction of the sow. Avoid tearing the vagina, cervix & uterus to avoid problems with metritis.
e. In case you cannot palpate a piglet, that’s the only time OXYTOCIN is used
42
accounts for 5 to 7% of all piglets born or 1 piglet for every 2 litters
Stillbirths
43
used to detect piglets that died from stillbirth
lung floatation method
44
Causes for stillbirths
a. Increased farrowing time
b. Warm farrowing room
c. Piglets born towards the end of farrowing
45
drug to induce farrowing
prostaglandin
46
One of the most abrupt &major changes for many animals
birth
47
PIGLET CARE & MANAGEMENT
1. Navel cord care
2. Teeth clipping and tail docking
3. Brooder
4. Ear notching
5. Colostrum
6. Fostering
7. Splay legs
48
navel cord falls off on its own how many hours after birth
6 hours
49
if the piglet is bleeding from the navel, tie it with a clean string ____from the body
1inch
50
clipped to avoid damage to the udder of the sow & to prevent fighting wounds among piglets
needle teeth
51
practiced to minimize tail biting problems during weaning &fattening stages
tail docking
52
ideal brooding temperature
30 to 32 degree celcius
53
two _________ or ________ electric bulb used during early morning from1:00 to 4:00 a.m.
75 watt or three 50-watt
54
done after birth to identify animals
ear notching
55
specialized proteins that by-pass the stomach & are absorbed thru the intestinal lining directly into the blood stream
colostrum
56
type of immunity newborns have
passive immunity
57
passive absorption of immunoglobulin from colostrum is lost ____ after birth
36 hours
58
Predispose occurrence of splay leg
1. Slippery floors
2. Genetics
3. Exposure to low temperature
59
important mineral necessary for the formation of hemoglobin
Iron (Fe)
60
preferred route of administration of iron
Injection (Parenteral)
61
signs of iron deficiency/nutritional anemia
1. Loss of appetite
2. Emaciation
3. Restlessness
4. Poor hair & skin condition which cause “sluggish impression” in piglets
5. Slow growth
6. Paleness
7. Hard breathing (thumping)
62
Piglets may suffer from iron toxicity with dose of
600 mg/kg bw
63
Signs of iron toxicity in 3 to 10-day-old piglets
1. depressed feed intake and rate of gain
2. rickets
3. death
64
best time to castrate
1 to 2 wks of age
65
Reminders before performing castration
1. Check whether all young boars are healthy. Postpone castration in case of illness
2. Check if there are piglets with hernia to avoid complications
3. Clean the pen properly
4. Do not transfer the piglets before & after castration to avoid stress
66
RISKS/ COMPLICATIONS OF CASTRATION
1. Castration abscess
2. Post castration hernia
3. Hemorrhage
67
Advantages of castration
1. It reduces if not eliminate the obnoxious boar odor
2. It avoids accidental breeding
3. Castrates are easier to handle because they are docile
68
Disadvantages of castration
1. Castrates on restricted ration grow slower & have higher FCR than boars
2. Boars have better slaughter quality (high percentage of 1st class carcass)
3. Stress & shower growth after castration
4. Time consuming & rough job
69
average milk production of sows per day
7.5 - 9.5 liters
70
peak production of milk occurs between
3rd to 4th week
71
Overfeeding of sow may cause
scouring or diarrhea in piglets
72
kg of feed per day 4-7 days after farrowing
4.0
73
kg of feed per day 8 days after farrowing until day of weaning
2.0 (+3 per piglet or +/- 0.5 depending on body conditiion)
74
kg of feed/day day after weaning up to service
3.5 - 4.0
75
kg of feed/day on day of weaning
0
76
flushing has maximum of
10 days
77
Not recommended for lactating sows
Roughage and voluminous feeds
78
Points of interest if the sow cannot consume the ration given
a. Wet feeding result to higher consumption than dry feeding
b. Pellets are better than mash or meal
c. Feed the sow many times a day in divided ration or adlib
d. High temperature in the pen results to less feed intake
79
good indicators of adequate lactating sow nutrition
1. weight of 28n days old piglet is 7.5 kgs
2. duration between weaning & post weaning heat is 4 – 7 days
80
Pigs less than 7 days old utilize only
glucose and lactose
81
pigs 7-10 days old can utilize
fructose and sucrose
82
Feeding fructose & sucrose to piglets less than 7 days old results
1. severe diarrhea
2. weight loss
3. high mortality
83
Pre-starters can be given to piglets as early as
7 days old
84
play a significant role in disease prevention (3)
1. Animal husbandry practices
2. Building design
3. Nutrition
85
Common post-farrowing problems
1. MMA syndrome
2. Post-farrowing paralysis
3. Retained placenta
4. Vaginal/uterine prolapse
5. Dystocia
86
DIARRHEA IN PIGLETS
1. E. coli
2. Transmissible Gastroenteritis virus
