Glucoregulation Flashcards
SB7 (16 cards)
High blood-glucose level? what does it do?
Alters water potential in blood leading to
dangerous osmotic gradients which causes dehydration.
What is insulin resistance?
When the body no longer effectively responds to insulin. This is due to insulin no longer binding to its receptors effectively.
What does insulin resistance cause
Overworking of pancreas to produce adequate amounts of insulin to bring down blood glucose levels. This damages the beta cells
3 types of glucose tests
Fasting glucose test
Oral glucose tolerance test
A1C test
A1C test?
Measures how much a person’s hemoglobin is coated with sugar. (Gives average blood glucose levels of the past 2-3 months)
Oral Glucose tolerance test
After measuring fasting glucose test, a person is given a glucose rich drink, with their blood being drawn up at intervals to understand how their body processes the glucose
Fasting glucose test
measuring blood glucose levels of a person who has fasted for 12 hours
Normal blood glucose levels
Lower than 140 mg/dl
Pre diabetes
Between 140 and 200 mg/dl
Type 2 diabetes
Over 200 mg/dl
Low levels of glucose
Cells are deprived of substrate required for
respiration, thus start to die (hypoglycemia)
Type 1 diabetes causes?
Dehydration.
Weight loss
Long term can damage blood vessels in retina
Type 1 diabetes treatment
Regular insulin injections along with scans
conducted by biosensors to determine whether
insulin doses are effective
Type 2 diabetes treatment
Healthy controlled diet along with exercise
how do muscles react to insulin
Muscle cells take up and store glucose.
More muscle mass= more reservoir for glucose
What causes Type 1 diabetes
Autoimmune attack on pancreas, therefore the body doesn’t produce enough insulin…and so glucose cannot be taken into the cells.
