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Gross anatomy practical > Gluteal region and posterior thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal region and posterior thigh Flashcards

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1
Q

What is this?

What are its primary functions?

What nerve innervates it?

A

Gluteus Maximus Muscles

  1. Combined actions include hip extension, abduction
    laterall and outwardly (e.g. karate side kick).

Less involved in walking than hamstring but more involved in exagerated movements (hyperextension) like squatting, climbing etc

3. Innervated by the Inferior
 Gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
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2
Q

What is this muscle?

What is it main functions?

What is it innervated by?

What is its role in maintaining balance in locomotion?

Lesion of what nerve could damage hip abuduction?

A
  1. Gluteus medius
  2. Abducts (along with gluteus minimus) and
    (Sacral Plexus) laterally/outwardly
    rotates hip
  3. Innervated by the
    Superior Gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1).
  4. In the “stance phase” of the gait cycle the
    weight of the body is on one limb. The gluteus medius and minimus
    of this weight-bearing limb contract, preventing the pelvis of the nonweight-bearing limb from tilting downward.
  5. Superior Gluteal nerve lesion or Radiculopathy involving L5

nerve root

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3
Q

What is this?

what nerve exits through here?

A

Greater Sciatic Foramen

Below the pimpiform muscle, the siatic move exists

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4
Q
  1. What is this?
  2. What does paralysis of this nerve cause?
  3. what does it branch from?
  4. what does it innervagte?
A
  1. Superior Gluteal Neurovascular Bundle

comes from above the piniform muscle

  1. Trendelenburg sign: when asked to stand on one leg, the pelvis on the UNSUPPORTED side descends indicating that the gluteus medius on the SUPPORTED side is weak or nonfunctional.
  2. lumbosacral plexus l4, l5, s1
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5
Q

what is this?

what is it innervated by?

what is its function?

A

piniform muscle

comes from the greater siatic foramen

innvervated by: nerve to Piriformis (S1, S2).

lateral rotator of the hip (move away from the midline)

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6
Q

where does it branch off from?

what does it innervate? what aciton is it involved in?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

branches from the: lumbosacral plexus

innervates the gluteus maximus. invovled in extension

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7
Q

what is this nerve?

what does it innervate? what is it the main motor nerve to?

what are its branches?

what vertebral regions does it come off?

what is one way it can be compromised?

what could lesion of this nerve cause?

A

Sciatic nerve

brnaches: tibial, common fibular

common fibular portion of this nerve innervates the

short head of the biceps femoris. The tibial portion of this nerve

main motor nerve to the hamstring

innervates the remaining hamstring muscles.

comes off L4-S3 from lumbosacral plexus

actions invovled in: extension, movement of the knee

could be compromsied by: Posterior dislocation

sciatic lesion: may
result in weakness of the hamstring muscles.

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8
Q

what is this?

what runs through it?

A

Lesser Sciatic Foramen

formed by sacrotubernous and sacrospinous

what runs through it:

pudendal nerve and nerve to obturatory internus

Tendon of the Obturator Internus

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9
Q
A

Tendon of the Obturator Internus

Superior and Inferior Gemelli Muscles

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10
Q

what is this muscle

what is its action

what is its innervation

A

Quadratus Femoris Muscle

laterally/outwardly rotate hip

innervation: Nerve to Inferior

Gemellus as well

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11
Q

muscle?

innervation?

action?

A

Superior and Inferior Gemelli Muscles

innervated by:

Superior Gemellus – Innervated by nerve to Obturator Internus.
Inferior Gemellus – Innervated by nerve to Quadratus Femoris.

action: Laterally/outwardly rotate hip

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12
Q

muscle

action

innervation

A

Gluteus Minimus Muscle

Abducts and internall rotates the hip

innevation: superior glutael nerve

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13
Q
A

Lumbosacral Plexus

branches:

superior glutale nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, sciatic nerve, nerve to the obturator iunternus and superior gemellus, nerve to quadratus femoralis and inferior gemellus, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, nerve to piriformis

except for the superior gluteal nerve, all of the branches of the lumbosacral pass below the piriformis muscle

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14
Q

what is this?

what stays in here?>

A

Acetabulum

the illium, ischium, and pbusi all make contact with the head of the femur at this point

the femoral head stays in here

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15
Q

what is this liugament?

what is its importance?

what does it cover?

what happens when this ligament is tuaght?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

strongest and
most important ligament, covering the anterior and inferior aspects of the
joint

prevents hyperextension
and stopping the femur from moving past the vertical position

Whentaught, the weight of the body is
balanced on the femoral heads. Since little muscle movement is needed to
maintain this position, an individual can stand for long periods of time,

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16
Q
A

Pubofemoral ligament

one of the ligaments of the hipjoint

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17
Q
A

Ischiofemoral ligament

one of the three ligaments of the hip joint

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18
Q
A

Anterior sacroiliac ligament

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19
Q
A

posterior sacroiliac

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20
Q
A

semimembranous muscle

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21
Q
A

Semitendinosus Muscle

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22
Q
A

red: Long Head of Biceps Femoris Muscle
blue: Short Head of Biceps Femoris Muscle

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23
Q

what is this artery?

what does it branch off of?

what does it feed?

what is its important?

what are its branches

A

deep branch of femoral artery

branches off the femoral artery

supply the anterior thigh compartment.

anastomozes with the internal iliac artery

  1. the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries branch off deep femoral artery and feed head and neck of the femor
  2. – Perforating branches of the Deep Femoral artery supply the posterior thigh compartment.
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24
Q

what is this nerve?

what does it innervate?

sx when it is “entrapped”

ex when it is lesioned:

A

Tibial Division of the Sciatic Nerve in red

is the sciatic nerve which supplies the hamstring

innervation: main MOTOR nerve to ALL of
the muscles in the posterior crural compartment,
all of the muscles on the plantar surface of the foot and is,
SENSORY to the skin on the sole of the foot

entrapment or Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: The tibial nerve is compressed by the
flexor retinaculum, and pain is typically localized to the medial malleolus and the calcaneus. Caused by irritation and resulting edema of the synovial sheaths of the tendons of the deep posterior compartment muscles.

lesion: weak plantar flexion and toe drag when
taking a step forward. difficulty “Toe Walking”.
makes plantar flexing the ankle difficult or
impossible, depending on severity. Plantar flexion of the ankle is required to take a step when walking.

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25
whjat is this nerve? what does it innervate: what does the lesion to this nerve cause? what are common causes of this lesion?
**_innervation_**: main MOTOR nerve to the muscles of theanterior crural compartmentSENSORY to the skin on the dorsum of the foot, in the web space between the first 2 toes. l**_esion_**: damage of axons from l5 weaken ankle dorsiflexion and foot drop.. walk with "slapping" of foot on group. problems heel walking. entire l5 root damaged: pt also have positive trenedelburg sign **_common cause of lesion:_** trauma to neck of fibula
26
what is this artery? what branches from it?
**_popliteal artery,_** **_branches_**: Anterior Tibial artery which supply the anterior crutual compartment
27
what is this muscle? what is its action? where does it insert? what nerve innervates it? what is its relationship to the iliotibial band?
Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle ACTION: This muscle medially rotates the hip and assists in initiation of hip flexion. ORIGINATES: from the outer portion of the iliac crest and INSERTS: distally along with the gluteus maximus into the fascia lata of the thigh. . INNERVATED BY: The tensor fascia lata muscle is innervated by the Superior Gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1). The tendinous insertion of both muscles strengthens the lateral portion of the fascia lata forming the iliotibial band.
28
what does it attach to? what does it stabilize and when?
iliotibial band. This band ## Footnote attaches to the lateral tibial condyle (Gerdy’s tubercle) and stabilizes the lateral aspect of the knee by keeping the femur from moving on the tibia when the knee is flexed.
29
Rectus Femoris Muscle Initiates Hip Rectus Femoris Flexion, Extends Knee
30
Vastus Lateralis action: extend knee innervated by: femoral nerve origin: femor *attached superiorly to the lateral and posterior aspect of the femoral shaft.*
31
what is this? innervation? action? what is its importance in this action? attached where?
vastus medialis innervation: fmoral nerve aciton: knee extension attached superiorly to the medial and posterior aspect of the femoral shaft. The lower portion of thismuscle has an oblique direction to its fibers; it contracts powerfully during the final stages of knee extension to helpprevent the patella from dislocating laterally.
32
(lower probe) action? innervation? origin?
Vastus Intermedius action: extend knee innervation: femoral nerve attached superiorly to the anterior surface of the femoral shaft.
33
what is this? action? innervation? origin? insertion? what is its role in posterior hip dislocation
iliopsoas muscle action: involved in all aspects of hip flexion Innervated by L1- L2 ventral rami. The Iliacus arises from the iliac fossa, while the Psoas Major arises from the lumbar vertebral bodies. inserts onto the lesser trochanter of the femur if the hip is posterioly dislocated, the affected limb looks shorter due to unapposed action of this muscle.
34
what is this? action? what does it form?
sartorius muscle It has a combined action of flexing the hip, flexing the knee and abducting and laterally rotating the hip. It forms part of the Pes Anserinus where it inserts
35
what is this? what spiunal level does it come from? what are its components and what do they innervate?
femoral nerve l2-l4 main MOTOR nerve to muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh. SENSORY branches from the femoral nerve supply the anterior and medial portions of the thigh and medial portion of the leg.
36
what is this? what is it protected by?
quadratus tendon protected anteriorly by the platella
37
iliopsoas muscle
38
what is this? where does it go?
great saphneus vein join the common femoral vein in the region of the femoral triangle
39
what is this nerve? what is it a branch off of?
Saphenous Nerve branches off the femoral nerve
40
Pectineus Muscle under the sartorus runs from the superior pubic ramus to the posterior aspect of the femur, just below the lesser trochanter. Innervated: the femoral nerve, sometimes by the obturator nerve action:m It acts to start hip flexion; it also participates in hip adduction and medial rotation of thigh.
41
Adductor Longus Muscle *runs from the body of the pubic bone to the middle portion of the linea aspera of the femur.*
42
adductor brevis in between and posterior to adductor lungus and pectineus
43
what is this? what are its actions? what is it a part of?
Gracilis muscle runs from the body and inferior ramus of the pubic bone to the antero-medial surface of the tibia. flexes: the hip joint and knee joint adducts the: hip joint It forms part of the Pes Anserinus.
44
what is this? where is it located? what does it have anastomoses with?
femoral artery located in femoral sheath (NAVEL from lateral to medial) supplies the anterior thigh cimparment internal iliac artery
45
gives blood to anterior and posterior comparment branches off of the femoral artery gives lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries
46
what is this? where does it supply blood to? what does it branch off? what happens if it is blocked?
lateral femoral circumflex supplies blood to hip joint branches off deep femoral . If blood supply via the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries is disrupted, this small artery within the ligament of the head of the femur may prevents necrosis of the femoral head
47
what is this artery? what doesa it branch off of? what does it supply blood to?
medial femoral circumflex artery branches off deep femoral and dives right down supplies blood to the hip joint . If blood supply via the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries is disrupted, this small artery within the ligament of the head of the femur may play a key role in preventing avascular necrosis of the femoral head
48
what is this? where does it insert? what is its action
Tibialis Anterior Passes anterior to the medial malleolus and inserts onto the inferior surface of the 1st cuneiform bone and 1st metatarsal. ACTION: It acts to dorsiflex the ankle joint. It is also one of the primary supinators of the foot.
49
what is this? where does it inset? what is its action
Extensor Hallicus Longus Attaches to the distal phalanx of the great or 1st toe. action It acts to extend the interphalangeal (IP) joint of the big toe and dorsiflex the ankle joint
50
what is this? where does it insert? what is its action?
Extensor Digitorum Longus Attaches to the extensor expansion of the lateral 4 toes. It acts to extend the metatarsophalangeal (MTP)
51
what is this? where does it insert? what is its action?
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius – peroneus tertius muscle that arises from the extensor digitorum longus muscle tendons Attaches to the dorsum of the 5th metatarsal. It acts to dorsiflex the ankle joint. It is also a pronator ofthe foot. Action Works with the extensor digitorum longus to dorsiflex, evert and abduct the foot Innervation Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery
52
what is this? where does it innervate
common fibilary nerve main motor nerve to the muscles of the anterior crural compartment. It also provides sensation to the skin on the dorsum of the foot, in the web space between the first 2 toes. barnch of the sciatic nerve
53
what is this? what is it from? what does it supply blood to? whats its importance?
dorsalis pedis artery continuation of the anterior tibial atery It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. its importance is that it can be palpated but not the anterior tibial artery
54
\*\*goes around ankle proninance and attaches underneath food
fibularies longus muscle \*\*goes around ankle and attaches underneath foot inserts onto the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform bone. ACTION eversion of the foot, assists in plantar flexion (moving it downward), and helps support the arch of the foot.
55
\*\* goes around ankle prominenae on lateral side but does not insert under foot
peroneus brevis Brevis Muscle medial to the peroneus longus inserted into the tuberosity at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, on its lateral side. It extends and abducts the foot.
56
branch of sciatic nerve that is medial and does not wrap around to anterior side
tibial nerve branches off of the sciatic nerve *its the bigger branch that runs medially*
57
branches at knee and wraps around to anterior side and is more lateral
common fibrilar nerve spinal levels (L4, L5, S1 and S2 on the superior part of the politeal fossa about winds around the fibula to the anterior side main MOTOR nerve to the muscles of the anterior crural compartment. SENSORY to the skin on the dorsum of the foot, in the web space between the first 2 toes
58
popliteal artery near the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve source: its an extension of the femoral artery branches: Anterior Tibial artery
59
what is this muscle what is its function
popliteus muscle origin: lateral condyle of the femur inserts: posdterior surface of the tibia FUNCTION; unlock the knee
60
artery that comes off of popliteal and immediately goes laterally to anterior side
anterior tibial artery upplies the anterior crural compartment. it cant be palpated until it becomes the dorsalis pedis
61
branch of poplitesl atery that goes straight down to the ankle
posterior tibial artery
62
branch of popliteal that branches off of the 2nd popliteal branch (the one that goes straight down)
fibular artery branches from the posterior tibial proivdes the muscles and fascia of the LATERAL leg
63
achilles tendon GASTROCNEMIUS to the CALCANEUS formed by two heads of the Gastrocnemius muscle and the Soleus muscle forming a common tendon function plantar flexors of the ankle joint enabling the foot to leave the ground during the transition from weight-bearing to non-weight-bearing.
64
tendon of the posterior tibilias goes from medial to lateral but stays posterior to the malleus below the tendon of flexor digitorum longusmuscle
65
above the tendon of the posterior tibialis, and once past ankle it is more posterior than it
tendon of flexor digitorum longusmuscle
66
tendon of Flexor Hallicus Longus Muscle more posterior than the flexor digitous and tibilaris posterior
67
what nerve runs over the medial malleus (ie, part of tom dick and harry)
tibial nerve \* from the sciatic nerve
68
medial plantar nerve branch of the tibial nerve
69
medial plantar artery \*branch of tibial artery
70
lateral plantar artery \*branch of tibial nerve
71
branch of tibial nerve
lateral planatar nerve branch of itbial nerve
72
resits valgus forces
MCL orTibial Collateral Ligament connects from medial femur to medial tibia
73
what is this attached from lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula
LCL
74
it is stressed by Sudden stops which force the TIBIA forward on the FEMUR.
ACL
75
what causes a tear of this?
posterior crucinate ligament tears happen less than ACL caused by a direct blow to the knee of dashboard tear
76
what ligament attaches to it?
Medial Meniscus the MCL attaches to the edial meniscus
77
lateral meniscus more circular in shape and not attached to either collateral ligament
78
resists pronation (eversion)
on the medial surface what is it formed from? calcaneotibial, anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, and tibionavicular ligaments connect the medial malleolus with 3 tarsal bones: the calcaneus, talus and navicular
79
whjat ligaments are these?
LATERAL LIGAMENTS OF THE FOOT Anterior talofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament Calcaneal fibular ligament Lateral talocalcaneal ligament
80
between the tibia and fibula?
Interosseous Membrane
81
what are these ligaments? are they apart of the ankle joint?
anterior and posterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligaments NOT a part of ankle joint However they play an important role in stabilizing the joint since they form a very strong connection between the tibia and the fibula.
82
connects the calcaneus with the navicular bone part of the medial longitudinal arch
spring ligament
83
long plantar ligament
84
short plantar ligament
85
Fibular Longus Tendon tibular nerve
86
tibilas posterior tendon
87
spring ligament
88
rectus femoris has superior originin so also going to act as a flexor of the hip also a part of quadaceps femoris so going to be main extensors of the knee
89
vastus lateralus muscle vastus meaning big femoral nerve femoral artery and deep femoral artery
90
vastus intermedius below the rectus femoris and between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis
91
hip flexor important for locomotion
illiopsoas medial to it is femoral nerve and artery
92
pectineus muscle underneath the femoral artery anterior compartment
93
adductor magnus
94
goes between the abductor brevis and abductor magnus
posterior brnach of obturator goes between the abductor brevis and abductor magnus mediates: MOTOR muscles of the medial thigh comparment: pectineus, adductor longus, adductor bresiv, adductor magenus,gracilis. SENSORY to mid thigh
95
tibilias anterior tendon
96
looking posteriorly
PCL
97
looking posterioly
popliteal muscle needed for lateral rotation that is necessary for unlocking knee
98
lateral collateral ligament \*free of capsula of knee joint
99
transverse medial ligament
100
What are these two? how do you tell the difference? What are their functions?
fibularis longus and brevis * brevis is medial and looks liek it is attacheing first* * longus is wrapping around to plantar surface and attaching to be toe!* purpose is to pronate the foot or invert
101
tibilias posterior
102
"flexor digitorum longus" dick.. posterior to the tibilias posterior
103
posterior tibilal artery
104
tibial nerve | (nervous)
105
flexor hallucis longus very deep.. almost deep to the tibial nerve
106
anterior surface of the leg
Anterior Tibial Artery retract the extensor digitorum lungus to the side branches off of the popliteal supplies blood to the: knee (\*via recurrent branches) anterior crural artery dorsal part of foot (but now its the dorsalis pedis artery)
107
superificial branch of the common fibular nerve The superficial branch of the common fibral nerve tracks along the fascia between the lateral and anterior compartments of the leg to emerge by piercing the fascia lata and enter the subcutaneous tissues innervates the fibrial longus and brevis muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg.
108
tendon of the tibularis posterior
109
vastus medialis
110
pectineus anterior compartment
111
adductor magnus
112
short head of biceps femoris
113
short head of biceps femoris
114
adductor magnus
115
long head of biceps
116
semitendous
117
semimembranous MEDIAL for MEMBRANE

Gross anatomy practical (21 decks)

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