Heart

Question 1

what is this?

which ventricule feeds into them?

Answer 1

Pulmonary artery

right ventricle

“par - want to do up to par on this test’

Question 2

what are these vessels?

what affferent fibers from the vagus act as here?

Answer 2

pulmonary veins (on left side)

chemoreceptors detecting blood gas levels as oxygenated blood goes into the heart

Question 3

Answer 3

SVC

Question 4

what is this?

if this vessel is obstructed.. where could there be colalteral blood bring blood from the lower extremetities to the heart

Answer 4

IVC

collateral blood flow via the azygous system could be used to return blood flow

Question 5

Answer 5

apex of the heart

Question 6

Answer 6

acending aorta

Question 7

what is this?

what is a landmark for this structure?

Answer 7

aortic arch

sternal angle (and 2nd intercostal rib)

Question 8

Answer 8

left carotid artery

Question 9

Answer 9

left subclavian (BCS)

Question 10

what is this?

what is branching off of it?

Answer 10

pulmonary trunk

right and left pulmonary arteries

Question 11

Answer 11

pulmonary veins

Question 12

what nerve is this?

what spinal level do they terminal branches of this artery leave the diaphargm?

what component fibers are in here?

Answer 12

phrenic nerve

t8

somatic motor, somatic sensory, post ganglonic sympthatic

Question 13

Answer 13

right brachiocephalic vein

Question 14

Answer 14

left vagus nerve

Question 15

what is this?

what could its distension mean?

right sided heart failure

Answer 15

right internal jugular

Question 16

what is this?

what important junction is formed on this vessel on the LEFT side?

Answer 16

left subclavian vein

thoracic duct drains into the junction between the left internal jugualr and left subclavian

Question 17

what is this?

what is it between?

what was it in the embryo?

Answer 17

Ligamentum Arteriosum

ligament between left pulmonary artery and descending aorta

ductus arteriosus

Question 18

what is this?

where is it coursing through?

why does it course this way?

an enlargment of what can compromise it?

Answer 18

left recurrent vagus nerve

on left goes under aortic arch

With differential growth, the heart and great vessels move downward whereas the larynx moves upward into the neck and “drags” its innervation with it. On the left side, the proximal and distal segments of the 6th aortic arch persist and “trap” the left recurrent laryngeal nerve.

bronchiopulmonary node enlargement can case loss of vocal strength (due to compression of somatic motor)

Question 19

what is this?

what does it supply blood to?

Answer 19

right coronary artery

coming off of the aorta

right atrium and
ventricle as well as most of the initial portions of the conducting system of the heart

Question 20

what is this?

what area of the heart does it supply blood to

Answer 20

right marginal artery

the right ventricle

Question 21

what is this?

what artery does it gibe off?

what may it anatomose with?

what vein does it travel with downwards?

Answer 21

Posterior Interventricular Branch

that descends in the posterior interventricular groove toward the apex of the heart. In some individuals, the posterior interventricular artery is a branch of the
circumflex artery.

circumflex branch of left coronary

middle cardiac vein

Question 22

what is left heart dominance? what causes it?

how common is it?

Answer 22

In 15% of people, circumflex branch supplies posterior interventricular branch, which is termed left heart dominance because entire interventricular septum is supplied by branches of left coronary (

Question 23

what is this?

what are its two large branches?

Answer 23

Left Coronary Artery

left anterior descending and circumflex (which gives off the elft marginal)

Question 24

what is this? what does it branch off of

why is it implicated in heart attacks?

Answer 24

Anterior descending Interventricular artery

supplies blood to left ventricle, which is responsible for expelling oxygenated blood out

Question 25

what is this? what artery does it run with? where does it drain?

Answer 25

Great Cardiac Vein LAD cardiac sinus

Question 26

what is this what artery does it run with what does it drian into

Answer 26

Middle Cardiac Vein runs with posterior interventricular artery drains into coronayr sinus

Question 27

what is it? what does it form from in the embryo

Answer 27

Coronary Sinus * starts at junction between svc and pulmonary veins (about where the middle cardiac vein feeds into it)* * on the right posterior wall* sinus venosus

Question 28

what is this? where is this? what did it form from? what is it serpated from the rest of the atrium by

Answer 28

sinus venarum in the right atrium smooth area from the sinus venosum cristae terminale seperates the sinus vernarum from the trabeculated right auricle

Question 29

what is this? where is it found? what seperates it from the other side? what is the difference ebtween this and the msucle inside the other aitrum?

Answer 29

Musculi Pectinati found on anterior wall of right atrium seperated from the posterior wall by the crista terminalis The musculi pectinati on the anterior wall are continuous with the ridged inner surface of the left auricle.

Question 30

what is this? where does it extend? what does it seprate

Answer 30

crista terminalis from openings of SVC to IVC seperates: 1. sinus veranum and tabercualted right auricle 2. muscli pectinati from smooth muscle of posterior wall

Question 31

what is this? where is it located? what is a hole in this structure caused by? what can a large hole here cause?

Answer 31

fossa ovale in interatrial septum differential growth patterns/incomplete fusion of septum primum and septum secundum a large hole oygenated blood from left atrium could go into right -\> enlargement of both chambers on right side -\> compensatory enlargement of pulmonary trunk

Question 32

Answer 32

superior vena cava

Question 33

Answer 33

inefrior vena cava

Question 34

Answer 34

orfice of coronary sinus hole in posterior wall below the IVC

Question 35

where is the sa node located?

Answer 35

in right atrium near opening of SVC

Question 36

where is the av node located?

Answer 36

at base of right atrium wall

Question 37

Answer 37

tricupsid valve in orfice of atriaventricular valve

Question 38

Answer 38

right auricle

Question 39

what is this? where is this located?

Answer 39

Trabeculae Carnae in the ventricles

Question 40

what is this? where does it extend from?

Answer 40

Moderator band which extends from the interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle. This band contains Purkinje fibers which are part of the electrical conducting system of the heart.

Question 41

Answer 41

atnerior papillary muscle largest of the three papillary muscles and is attached to the inferior border of the anterior wall.

Question 42

what is this? what is it made of? what would you do to hear this valve? what does stenosis of this valve cause

Answer 42

pulmonary valve seperatres pulmonary trunk and right atrium three semilunar cusps that open and close in response to blood flow between the second left intercostal space at the sternal edge? often congential, not enoguh blood gets to lungs so causes cyanosis

Question 43

Answer 43

Chordae Tendineae

Question 44

what is this what msucle is it made out of

Answer 44

left auricle like the right, it is made out of musculi pectinati The left auricle is located on the anterior portion of the left atrium, on the pulmonary artery. It is more nodulated and irregular in outline than the right.

Question 45

what is this? what comes off of here? what does it supple blood to

Answer 45

circumflex artery \*of left coronary artery left marginal artery supplies blood to laterla surface of left ventricle

Question 46

what are these openings? what is open here

Answer 46

openins of pulmonary veins opened left atirum

Question 47

what valve would be here what be the result of dysfunction of this valve?

Answer 47

atrioventricualr orfice on the left side where you would see bicupsid valve pulmonary cognestion occurs because pulmonary veins drain into the heart, but, if the mtiral valve is backed up it builds up pressure

Question 48

what ndoes are present here

Answer 48

right atria sa node and av node

Question 49

what is this? what can its dysfunction cause?

Answer 49

aortic valve left ventricle hypertrophy, if you have blood being regurgitated back into left ventricle