Glycolysis

Question 1

is glycolysis active with high or low blood sugar?

Answer 1

active with high sugar

Question 2

does insulin inhibit or promote glycolysis?

Answer 2

promotes

Question 3

what is end product of glycolysis?

Answer 3

2 pyruvates

Question 4

where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

Answer 4

in cytoplasm

Question 5

if aerobic situation, what is pyruvate turned into?

Answer 5

acetyl coa

Question 6

if anaerobic situation, what is pyruvate turned into?

Answer 6

lactate

Question 7

name the four glucose transporters

Answer 7

GLUT 1234

Question 8

where is Glut 1 found

Answer 8

most all cells

Question 9

where is Glut 2 found

Answer 9

liver/pancreas

Question 10

what is special about GLUT 2 fxn?

Answer 10

bidirectional transport, active at high levels

Question 11

where is Glut 3 found

Answer 11

neurons/placent

Question 12

where is Glut 4 found

Answer 12

muscle fat cells

Question 13

what induces glut 4?

Answer 13

insulin

Question 14

what two enzymes in glycolysis use ATP?

Answer 14

hexokinas/glucokinase

PFK-1

Question 15

what does hexokinase react with and make?

Answer 15

reacts with glucose to make glu 6 P

Question 16

what does PFK 1 react with and make?

Answer 16

reacts with fru 6 P and makes Fru 1,6 P

Question 17

what is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis?

Answer 17

PFK-1

Question 18

what induces and what inhibits PFK-1

Answer 18

ATP inhib ADP induce

Question 19

what inhibits hexokinase?

Answer 19

Glu-6-P

Question 20

what is a relative of PFK-1 enzyme that has regulatory effect on glycolysis?

Answer 20

PFK-2

Question 21

explain the role of PFK-2 in glycolysis

Answer 21

insulin activates it and leads PFK-2 to convert fructose-6-P into fructose-2,6-P

Question 22

what is the role of fructose 2,6-P in glycolysis?

Answer 22

activates PFK 1 and feeds rxn forward

Question 23

how does alcohol inhibit glycolysis?

Answer 23

increases NADH levels

Question 24

what is the net ATP prdxn of glycolysis?

Answer 24

2 ATP

Question 25

why is net ATP only 2 in glycolysis?

Answer 25

2 are used early and 4 are made late (2 by each GAP)

Question 26

what disaccharide has galactose in it?

Answer 26

lactose...galactose and glucose

Question 27

where does galactose fit into glycolysis pathway?

Answer 27

feeds in at glu-6-P

Question 28

what is enzyme of first step of galactose breakdown?

Answer 28

galactokinase

Question 29

what does galactokinase react with and make?

Answer 29

reacts with galactose to make galactose-1-P

Question 30

what is second enzyme in galactose breakdown>

Answer 30

galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase

Question 31

what is issue in classic galactosemia?

Answer 31

decreased activity of galactose 1 P uridyltransferase

Question 32

what accumulates in classic galactosemia?

Answer 32

increased galactose and galactose 1-P

Question 33

what can galactose cause with eye in high amounts?

Answer 33

cataracts

Question 34

what is issue in non classical galactosemia?

Answer 34

galactokinase decreased activity

Question 35

what builds up in classical galactosemia?

Answer 35

galactose only

Question 36

why is classic galactosemia worse than non classic?

Answer 36

in classic you burn up all your ATP with glucokinase rxn

Question 37

where does fructose enter glycolysis?

Answer 37

as GAP

Question 38

what is GAP?

Answer 38

glyceraldehyde phosphate

Question 39

what is first step in fructose breakdown path?

Answer 39

fructokinase turns fructose into fructose -1-P

Question 40

what is second step in fructose breakdown path?

Answer 40

fru-1-P into glyceraldheyde via aldolase B

Question 41

what is issue in fructose intolerance?

Answer 41

aldolase B is deficient and you get buildup of fru-1-P and overuse of ATP

Question 42

what is issue in essential fructosuria?

Answer 42

fructokinase is a problem and fructose builds up but ATP not overused