Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, and Glycogenolysis

Question 1

List the (six) steps in order for glycogenesis

Answer 1

Glucose in blood ->
glucose in liver ->
glucose 6P ->
Glucose 1P ->
UDP-glucose ->
glycogen

Question 2

What is the allosteric enzyme for glycogenesis? What activates it?

Answer 2

Glycogen synthase is increased by insulin

Question 3

How does glucose enter the liver?

Answer 3

Glut 2 transporter

Question 4

How does glucose enter muscle?

Answer 4

Glut 4 transporter
(insulin dependent)

Question 5

What enzyme converts glucose to glucose 6P in the liver?

Answer 5

Glucokinase

Question 6

What enzyme converts glucose to glucose 6P in the muscle?

Answer 6

Hexokinase

Question 7

What enzyme converts glucose 6P to glucose 1P in the liver & muscle?

Answer 7

Mutase

Question 8

What enzyme converts glucose 1P to UDP-Glucose?

Answer 8

UDP glucopyrophosphorylase

Question 9

What enzyme converts UDP-glucose to glycogen?

Answer 9

Glycogen synthase
(activated by insulin)

Question 10

List the (five) steps in order for glycogenolysis

Answer 10

Glycogen ->
Glucose 1P ->
Glucose 6P ->
Glucose in Liver ->
Glucose in Blood

Question 11

What is the allosteric enzyme for glycogenolysis? What hormone activates it in the liver?

Answer 11

Glycogen phosphorylase activated by glucagon

Question 12

What enzyme converts glycogen phosphorylase b (inactive) to glycogen phosphorylase a (active)?

Answer 12

Phosphorylase kinase

Question 13

What mineral increases phosphorylase kinase in muscle?

Answer 13

influx of Calcium ions via nerve impulse
(forms Ca-calmodulin complex)

Question 14

What hormone turns on phosphorylase kinase in both liver and muscle?

Answer 14

Epinephrine

Question 15

glycogenesis

Glucose in blood is transported to the liver via ___ which is insulin ___

Answer 15

Glut 2 transporter which is insulin independent

Question 16

glycogenesis

Glucose in blood is transported to muscle via ___ which is insulin ___

Answer 16

Glut 4 transporter which is insulin dependent

Question 17

glycogenolysis

Glucose in the liver is transported to the blood via ___

Answer 17

Glut 2 transporter

Question 18

In glycogenolysis, where will glucose in the muscle go next?

Answer 18

Glucose will enter glycolysis, it cannot enter the blood

Question 19

What is another name for anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 19

Embden Meyerhof pathway

Question 20

What is the equation of the overall glycolysis pathway?

Answer 20

Glucose -> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H2O

Question 21

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 21

Cytoplasm

Question 22

What hormone increases the function of the allosteric enzyme for glycolysis?

Answer 22

Insulin

Question 23

Can pyruvate accumulate?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

What substance do RBC convert pyruvate into that is able to leave the cell?

Answer 24

Lactate

Question 25

What is the equation for RBCs preparing pyruvate to leave the cell?

Answer 25

Pyruvate + NADH -> lactate + NAD+

Question 26

What enzyme is required for pyruvate + NADH -> lactate + NAD+? (RBC)

Answer 26

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 27

What do yeast convert pyruvate into?

Answer 27

Ethanol

Question 28

What is the equation for yeast’s action on pyruvate?

Answer 28

Pyruvate + NADH -> ethanol + NAD+

Question 29

What enzyme is required for yeast to act on pyruvate?

Answer 29

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 30

Name the three stages of glycolysis

Answer 30

Investment, splitting, harvest