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PHA6117 lab > Glycosides > Flashcards

Glycosides Flashcards

1
Q

Anthracene or Anthraquinone Glycosides

A

Aloe
Rhubarb
Cascara sagrada
Frangula
Senna

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2
Q

SN of Aloe

A

Aloe barbadensis

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3
Q

Organoleptic properties of Aloe

A

Brownish black opaque mass
Strong odor resembling iodoform
Bitter
Waxy and somewhat resinous

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4
Q

Chemical constituents of Aloe

A

Aloe-emodin, Aloin, Emodin anthrone, Emodin oxanthrone, Emodin anthranol, Emodin, Isobarbaloin, A-resin, Aloesin

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5
Q

Plant part used of Aloe

A

Dried latex leaves

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6
Q

SN of Rhubarb

A

Rheum officinale (Polygonaceae)

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7
Q

Plant part used of Rhubarb

A

Rhubarb, rhizomes, roots

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8
Q

In the preparation of rhubarb, rhizomes are collected from what year of plants?

A

6 to 10 year old

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9
Q

In the preparation of rhubarb, rhizomes are cut into small pieces either?

A

Longitudinal or transverse

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10
Q

Chemical constituents of Rhubarb

A

Anthraquinone with COOH moiety (Rhein, Glucorhein), Anthraquinone without COOH moiety (Emodin, Aloe-emodin, Chrysophanol, and Physcion), Anthrones and Dianthrones of Emodin, Heterodianthrones (Palmidin A, B, C)

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11
Q

SN of Cascara Sagrada

A

Rhamnus purshiana DC (Rhamnaceae)

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12
Q

In preparing cascara sagrada, the bark is collected during the?

A

Dry season

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13
Q

Plant part used of Cascara sagrada

A

Dried bark

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14
Q

Organoleptic description of Cascara sagrada

A

Purplish brown (outside) and Reddish brown (inside)
Nauseatic odor
Persistently bitter]
1-4mm thick
Occurs in quills or channels, small, flat, and broken segments
Smooth with scattered lenticels, lichens, and cork external bark

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15
Q

Chemical constituents of Cascara sagrada

A

Normal O-glycosides (10-20%), Aloin like C-glycosides (80-90%) e.g., barbaloin/aloin, deoxybarbaloin or chrysaloin, Cascarosides A,B,C (main)

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16
Q

SN of Frangula

A

Rhamnus frangula Linn. (Rhamnaceae)

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17
Q

Plant part used of Frangula

A

Dried bark

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18
Q

In preparation of Frangula, bark is collected during?

A

Dry season

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19
Q

Chemical constituents of Frangula

A

Glucofrangulins A and B, Frangulin A and B, Emodin, Chrysophanic acid

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20
Q

SN of Senna

A

Cassia senna L.
Cassia acutifolia - Alexandria Senna
Cascara angustifolia- Tinnevelley senna
(Leguminoseae)

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21
Q

In preparation of Senna, the leaves are collected during?

A

April and September

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22
Q

Plant part used of Senna

A

Dried leaflets

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23
Q

Organoleptic description of Senna

A

Pale greyish green (AS), Yellowish green (TS)
Slight odor (both)
Mucilaginous and bitter (both)
Ovate-lanceolate (AS), Lanceolate (TS)
Thin and brittle (AS), Thin and flexible (TS)

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24
Q

Chemical constituents of Senna

A

Sennosides A, B, C, and D, Kaempferol

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25
Q

Phenol Glycosides

A

Arbutin
Gaultherin
Salicin
Populin

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26
Q

SN of Arbutin

A

Bergenia crassifolia (Saxifragaceae)

Uva-ursi/Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Ericaceae)

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27
Q

Plant part used of Arbutin

A

Dried leaves

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28
Q

SN of Gaultherin

A

Gaultheria procumbens L (Ericaceae)

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29
Q

Plant part used of Gaultherin

A

Leaves

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30
Q

Organoleptic description of Gaultherin

A

Needle-shaped upon crystallization with acetone, soluble in water and alcohol

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31
Q

Chemical constituents of Gaultherin

A

Hydrolysis of gaultherin with 3% Sulfuric acid - 1 mole methyl salicylate, d-glucose, d-xylose

Enzymatic hydrolysis with gaultherase - 1 mole primeverose, disaccharide, methyl salicylate

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32
Q

CN of Salicin

A

Saligenin b-Dglucopyranoside

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33
Q

SN of Salicin

A

Salix fragilis or Salix purpurea (Salicaceae)

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34
Q

Plant part used of Salicin

A

Bark of poplar (Populus) and willow (Salix)

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35
Q

In preparation of salicin, powdered bark is ______ with hot water for several hours, filtered and treated with _____ to precipitate and remove tannins

A

Macerated, lead acetate

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36
Q

In preparation of salicin, to remove excess lead, it is treated with ______ and then the filtrate is neutralized with _______ to allow salicin to crystallize after chilling

A

Hydrogen sulfite, ammonia

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37
Q

Chemical constituents of Salicin

A

One mole of saligenin and d-glucose

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38
Q

CN of Populin

A

Salicin benzoate

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39
Q

SN of Populin

A

Populus tremula L, Populus nigra L (Saliaceae)

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40
Q

In preparing populin, it can be prepared from salicin by melting with _______ or salicin and ________ in the presence of KOH

A

Benzoic anhydride, Benzoyl chloride

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41
Q

Cardiac or Steroid Glycosides

A

Digitalis, Squill, Strophantus

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42
Q

SN of Digitalis

A

Digitalis purpurea L (Scrophulariaceae)

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43
Q

Plant part used of Digitalis

A

Dried leaves

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44
Q

In the preparation of Digitalis, leaves are normally picked in _______ during ________

A

Afternoon, August or Septemeber

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45
Q

Organoleptic description of Digitalis

A

Dark greyish green
Bitter
Orate-lanceolate to broadly ovate

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46
Q

Chemical constituents of Digitalis

A

Purpurea glycoside A, B, and C, Digitoxigenin, Gitoxigenin, Gitaligenin

47
Q

SN of European Squill

A

Urginea maritima L Baker (Liliaceae)

48
Q

Plant part used of European Squill

A

Fleshy inner bulb scales

49
Q

In preparation of squills, bulbs are collected ________. The central fleshy bulb are cut into _______ slices, and is dried..

A

After flowering season, transverse

50
Q

Organoleptic description of European squills

A

White or Whitish yellow
Bitter and gummy
Available as strips with tapering both ends

51
Q

Chemical constituents of European squills

A

Glucoscillaren A, Scillaren A, Proscillaridin A

52
Q

SN of Indian Squill

A

Urginea indica (Liliaceae)

53
Q

Plant part used of Indian Squill

A

Dried slices of bulb

54
Q

Organoleptic description

A

Yellowish to white
Acrid, bitter, mucilaginous

55
Q

Chemical constituents of Indian Squill

A

Same with European squill

56
Q

SN of Red Squill

A

Urginea maritima, red variety due to presence of anthocyanin pigments (Liliaceae)

57
Q

Chemical constituents of Red Squill

A

Scilliroside

58
Q

SN of Strophanthus

A

Strophanthus hispidus De Candolle or Strophanthus kombe Oliver (Apocynaceae)

59
Q

Plant part used of Strophanthus

A

Dried and ripe seeds

60
Q

Organoleptic description of Strophanthus

A

Greyish green to light yellowish brown
Slightly unpleasant odor
Bitter
Deep emerald green color (treatment with 80% sulfuric acid)

61
Q

Chemical constituents of Strophanthus

A

K-strophanthoside, K-strophanthride B and Cyamarin, Strophanthidin (upon hydrolysis)

62
Q

Type of glycoside that occurs as O- or C- glycosides

A

Flavonoid Glycosides

63
Q

Flavonoid Glycosides

A

Flavone, Flavonol, Flavanone, Chalcone, Isoflavonoid, Anthocyanidin Glycosides

64
Q

[Flavone G] SN of Apiin

A

Petroselinum sativum, Apium petrosolinum aka parsley, Apium graveolens aka celery (Apiaceae)

65
Q

Chemical constituents of Apiin

A

Apiin, glucose, apiose, apigenin

66
Q

Plant part used of Apiin

A

Seeds and leaves

67
Q

[Flavone G] SN of Diosmin

A

Barosma crenulate, Barosma serratifolia, Barosma betulina (Rutaceae)

68
Q

Chemical constituents of Diosmin

A

Diosmin (Diosmetin + Rhamnose-glucose)

69
Q

[Flavonol G] SN of Rutin

A

Can be found in the Rutaceae family

Fagopyrum esculentum - buckwheat (Polygonaceae)

70
Q

Chemical constituents of Rutin

A

Quercetin, Rhamnose, Glucose

71
Q

Plant part used of Rutin

A

Leaves and flowers

72
Q

[Flavonol G] SN of Quercetin

A

Quercus tinctoria and other spp. of Quercus (Fagaceae)

73
Q

Chemical constituents of Quercetin

A

Rhamnose and quercetin

74
Q

Plant part used of Quercetin

A

Bark

75
Q

[Flavonone G] SN of Hesperidin

A

Citrus sinesis Linn (Rutaceae)

76
Q

[Chalcone G] SN of Catharmin

A

Catharmus tinctorius - safflower (Asteraceae)

77
Q

Chemical constituents of Catharmin

A

Isocatharmin

78
Q

[Isoflavonoid G] SN of Tephrosin

A

Tephrosia vogelli (Legumonoseae)

79
Q

Plant part used of Tephrosin

A

Leaves

80
Q

Uses of Tephrosin

A

Toxic to fish, insects, and crustaceae but is non-toxic to humans

81
Q

[Isoflavonoid G] SN of Sophoricoside

A

Sophora japonica (Legumonoseae)

82
Q

Plant part used of Sophoricoside

A

Green pods

83
Q

Uses of Sophoricoside

A

Not reported

84
Q

[Isoflavonoid G] SN of Prunetrin

A

Prunus avium L (Rodaceae)

85
Q

Plant part used of Prunetrin

A

Bark

86
Q

Uses of Prunetrin

A

Not reported

87
Q

[Anthocyanidin G] SN of Pelargonidin

A

Pleargonium graveolens and Pleargonium roseum (Geraniaceae)

88
Q

Plant part used of Pelargonidin

A

Flowers

89
Q

[Anthocyanidin G] SN of Cyanidin

A

Althaea roaea (Malvaceae)

90
Q

Plant part used of Cyanidin

A

Flowers

91
Q

[Anthocyanidin G] SN of Peonidin

A

Peony officinalis Linn (Ranunculaceae)

92
Q

Plant part used of Peonidin

A

Tubers

93
Q

[Anthocyanidin G] SN of Delphinidin

A

Vaccinium myrtillus (Ericaceae)

94
Q

Plant part used of Delphinidin

A

Whortleberry

95
Q

[Anthocyanidin G] SN of Petunidin

A

Petunia hybrida (Solanaceae)

96
Q

Plant part used of Petunidin

A

Flowers

97
Q

[Anthocyanidin G] SN of Malvidin

A

Malva sylvestris Linn (Malvaceae)

98
Q

Plant part used of Malvidin

A

Flowers

99
Q

[Cyanogenic G] Linamarin

A

Manihot esculenta

100
Q

[Cyanogenic G] Linustatin, Amygdalin, Prunasin

A

Prunus amygdalus (Rosaceae)

101
Q

[Thioglycosides] Sinigrin

A

Brassica nigra Linn (Brassicaceae)

102
Q

Plant part used of Sinigrin

A

Dried ripe seeds

103
Q

[Saponin G]

A

ANG DAMI PLS

104
Q

Test for unsaturated glycone

A

[Cardiac G] Kedde’s Test - (+) reddish-brown color to blue or purple solution; microcentrifuge tube

105
Q

Test for 2-deoxy sugar

A

[Cardiac G] Keller-Kelliani Test - (+) Reddish-brown color to purple solution; glass test tube

106
Q

Test for unsaturated steroids

A

[Cardiac G] Liebermann Burchard Test - (+) Blue to green, red, pink, purple, or violet solution after one hour

107
Q

The aqueous filtrate will be extracted twice with 5mL of benzene, combined with extracts and divided into two.

A

[Anthraquinones] Borntrager’s Test

108
Q

To 1 mL of diluted extract Add 5 mL of 0.5M potassium hydroxide and 1 mL of 5% hydrogen peroxide. The resulting mixture will be heated for ten minutes over a steam bath and filtered. The filtrate will be acidified with glacial acetic acid and the acid filtrate will be extracted twice with five mL portion of combined benzene extract and divided into two portions.

A

[Anthraquinones] Modified Borntrager’s Test

109
Q

Test for the presence of honeycomb froth

A

[Saponins] Froth Test

110
Q

Immerse the capillary tubes into the two test tubes. The first containing distilled water and the second containing the fraction/ extract both with equidistant height. After some time, measure the levels of the liquid in both capillary tubes

A

[Saponins] Capillary Test Tube Test

111
Q

Other tests for Saponins

A

Test with baryta water
Lead acetate test
Fehling’s Test with HCl
Fehling’s Test
Salkowski’s Test - conc. sulfuric acid
Fluorescence Test - conc sulfuric acid + few drops of FeCl3

112
Q

Preparation of Sodium picrate solution. Prepare 100 mL solution by dissolving 5 g sodium carbonate and 0.5 g picric acid in enough water.

A

[Cyanophore G] Guignard Test

113
Q

Test for leucoanthocyanins

A

[Flavonoids] Bate-Smith Metcalf Test - (+) Strong red or violet color

114
Q

Test for Y-benzopyrene nucleus

A

[Flavonoids] Wilstatter “cyanidin” Test - (+) Red, crimson, magenta, green to blue coloration

PHA6117 lab (6 decks)

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