glycosides 2 - anthroquinones Flashcards
(12 cards)
where are anthroquinones found in
microorganisms : fungi , lichens , spermatophytes (seed bearing plant)
plants: rhubarb root, aloe , senna pod and leaf , cascara
whats the most common property of anthroquinones
they all have laxative effect (purgative drugs) they can alleviate constipation
what are liechns
cyanobacteria/ algae growing over fungus
adverse effects of antroquiones
at high doses bc of their laxative effect they can lead to excessive fluid and electrolyte loss (potassium)
what is the active ingredient in senna leaves that is responsible for the laxative effect
sennosides
sennosides family name
Leguminosae , imp part of bean, pea, legume family
talk about senna plant
small shrub plant
unpleasant bitter taste
slight odor (characteristic)
mucilaginous
what are the types of sennosides in senna leaves
Homodianthrones
-Sennoside A and B
Heterodianthrone
-Sennoside C and D
Homodianthrones
Both sennoside A and B contain a COOH on R and R’
the difference is in the orientation of H in bond 10 and 10’
A= hydrogens on C-10 and C-10’ are in opposite directions (trans)
B= hydrogens on C-10 and c-10’ are in the same direction (meso)
what kind of laxatives are anthroquinones
stimulant laxatives they stimulate peristalsis
heterodianthrones
Sennosides C and D
R is CH2OH and R’ is COOH
SEN. c = at C10 and C10’ the hydrogens are opp direction (trans)
Sen D = hydrogens at 10 are same direction (meso)
long term use of anthroquiones
for 9-12 months leads to stimulant laxative DEPENDENCE
natural peristalsis becomes dependent peristalsis on laxative
pseudomelanosis or melanoiss coli
