GMAT 03 Flashcards
1
Q
pe·riph·er·al adj \pə-ˈri-f(ə-)rəl\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 无关紧要的；次要的 A peripheral activity or issue is one which is not very important compared with other activities or issues.
Companies are increasingly keen to contract out peripheral activities like training…
公司越来越倾向于把像培训这样的非核心业务外包出去。
…peripheral and boring information…
无关紧要的无聊信息
peripherally: The Marshall Plan did not include Britain, except peripherally.马歇尔计划仅在一些无关紧要的环节上把英国包括在内。 - ADJ 周围的；边缘的 Peripheral areas of land are ones which are on the edge of a larger area.
…peripheral regions beyond the reach of powerful rulers.
强大的统治者势力范围之外的边缘地区
…urban development in the outer peripheral areas of large towns.
大城市外围地区的城市开发 - N-COUNT （计算机）外围设备，外部设备 Peripherals are devices that can be attached to computers.
…peripherals to expand the use of our computers.
扩展计算机用途的外围设备
… peripheral products for the basic computer.
普通电脑的外围设备
2
Q
A
- N-COUNT 边缘；周围；外围 If something is on the periphery of an area, place, or thing, it is on the edge of it.
Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe, while Paris is at the heart of the continent…
从地理位置上讲，英国处于欧洲边缘，而巴黎却位于欧洲大陆的中心位置。
Taste buds are concentrated at the tip and rear of the tongue and around its periphery.
味蕾集中于舌尖、舌根和舌头两侧。 - N-COUNT （学科、兴趣的）边缘，次要部分 The periphery of a subject or area of interest is the part of it that is not considered to be as important or basic as the main part.
The sociological study of religion moved from the centre to the periphery of sociology.
宗教的社会学研究从社会学的中心学科变成了边缘学科。
3
Q
per·ish verb \ˈper-ish\
A
- VERB （人或动物）惨死，猝死 If people or animals perish, they die as a result of very harsh conditions or as the result of an accident.
Most of the butterflies perish in the first frosts of autumn.
大多数蝴蝶会在秋天的第一场霜冻来临时纷纷死去。
…the ferry disaster in which 193 passengers perished.
造成193名乘客丧生的渡船事故 - VERB 湮灭；毁灭；丧失 If something perishes, it comes to an end or is destroyed for ever.
Buddhism had to adapt to the new world or perish…
佛教必须适应新时代，否则将会消亡。
Civilizations do eventually decline and perish.
各种文明最后都会衰落、消亡。 - VERB （物质或材料）老化，腐烂，脆裂 If a substance or material perishes, it starts to fall to pieces and becomes useless.
Obviously the plaster’s just perished and all fallen off…
很明显灰泥已脆裂老化,全剥落下来了。
Their tyres are slowly perishing.
他们的车胎在慢慢老化。
perished: …tattered pieces of ancient, perished leather.磨损得破烂不堪的旧皮革 - CONVENTION （表示认为建议不可能、荒谬）想都别想，死了心吧，没门儿 If someone says perish the thought, they mean that they think that a suggestion or possibility is unpleasant or ridiculous.
Me a policeman! Perish the thought!…
我当警察！想都别想了，不可能！
We don’t have a computer (perish the thought) and have only recently bought an electric typewriter.
我们没有电脑（死了心吧），只好最近买了台电动打字机。
4
Q
per·i·win·kle noun \ˈper-i-ˌwiŋ-kəl\
A
- N-VAR 蔓长春花 Periwinkle is a plant that grows along the ground and has blue flowers.
- N-COUNT 滨螺；玉黍螺 Periwinkles are small sea snails that can be eaten.
5
Q
perk verb \ˈpərk\
A
- N-COUNT 补贴；津贴；额外待遇 Perks are special benefits that are given to people who have a particular job or belong to a particular group.
…a company car, private medical insurance and other perks…
公司配车、提供私人医疗保险以及其他额外待遇
One of the perks of being a student is cheap travel.
当学生的好处之一是旅行购票可以优惠。
相关词组：perk up
- PHRASAL VERB-ERG （使）振奋；（使）活跃；（使）快活 If something perks you up or if you perk up, you become cheerful and lively, after feeling tired, bored, or depressed.
He perks up and jokes with them.
他很活跃，还和他们开玩笑。
…suggestions to make you smile and perk you up.
让你发笑、使你开心的建议 - PHRASAL VERB 使更有趣 If you perk something up, you make it more interesting.
To make the bland taste more interesting, the locals began perking it up with local produce…
为了使这淡而无味的东西更有味道，当地人开始加些土特产调味。
Psychological twists perk up an otherwise predictable story line.
心理转折使原本老套的故事情节变得生动有趣。 - PHRASAL VERB-ERG （使）增加；（使）上涨；（使）增值 If sales, prices, or economies perk up, or if something perks them up, they begin to increase or improve.
House prices could perk up during the autumn…
秋季房价可能上涨。
Anything that could save the company money and perk up its cash flow was examined.
所有能够为公司节省开支、增加流动资金的办法都研究过了。
6
Q
per·me·ate verb \ˈpər-mē-ˌāt\
A
- VERB （思想、感情、态度）感染，传播，扩散，影响 If an idea, feeling, or attitude permeates a system or permeates society, it affects every part of it or is present throughout it.
Bias against women permeates every level of the judicial system…
司法体制中各个层面都有歧视女性的现象。
An obvious change of attitude at the top will permeate through the system.
上级态度的明显改变将影响到整个体制。 - VERB 渗透；弥漫；扩散 If something permeates a place, it spreads throughout it.
The smell of roast beef permeated the air…
空气中弥漫着烤牛肉的香味。
Eventually, the water will permeate through the surrounding concrete.
最终,水会渗透进周围的混凝土中。
— per·me·ative adjective -ˌā-tiv\
7
Q
per·mu·ta·tion
noun
\ˌpər-myü-ˈtā-shən\
A
- N-COUNT 排列 A permutation is one of the ways in which a number of things can be ordered or arranged.
Variation among humans is limited to the possible permutations of our genes.
人类的变异受限于我们的基因可能存在哪些排列。
— per·mu·ta·tion·al adjective -shə-nəl\
8
Q
per·ni·cious adj \pər-ˈni-shəs\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 有害的；恶性的 If you describe something as pernicious, you mean that it is very harmful.
I did what I could, but her mother’s influence was pernicious…
我已尽力了，但是她母亲贻害颇深。
There is a pernicious culture of excellence: everything has to be not merely good but the best.
对于优秀存在着一种认识的误区：一切都务求最好。
— per·ni·cious·ly adverb
— per·ni·cious·ness noun
9
Q
per·pen·dic·u·lar adj \ˌpər-pən-ˈdi-kyə-lər\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 垂直的；笔直的 A perpendicular line or surface points straight up, rather than being sloping or horizontal.
We made two slits for the eyes and a perpendicular line for the nose…
我们划了两道缝儿做眼睛,另外划了一条竖线做鼻子。
The sides of the loch are almost perpendicular.
湖岸几乎都是垂直的。 - ADJ 垂直（于）的；成90度角的 If one thing is perpendicular to another, it is at an angle of 90 degrees to it.
The left wing dipped until it was perpendicular to the ground.
左翼下垂至与地面成90度角。
— per·pen·dic·u·lar·i·ty -ˌdi-kyə-ˈla-rə-tē\ noun
— per·pen·dic·u·lar·ly -ˈdi-kyə-lər-lē\ adverb
10
Q
per·pe·trate verb \ˈpər-pə-ˌtrāt\
A
n.做坏事者； 犯罪者； 加害者； 行凶者
— per·pe·tra·tion \ˌpər-pə-ˈtrā-shən\ noun
— per·pe·tra·tor \ˈpər-pə-ˌtrā-tər\ noun
The men were planning to perpetrate a robbery.
The attack was perpetrated by a street gang.
He vowed revenge for the crime perpetrated on his family.
11
Q
per·se·cute verb \ˈpər-si-ˌkyüt\
A
- VERB (因种族、信仰）迫害，残害，压迫 If someone is persecuted, they are treated cruelly and unfairly, often because of their race or beliefs.
Mr Weaver and his family have been persecuted by the authorities for their beliefs…
韦弗先生和他的家人由于其信仰而遭到当局的迫害。
They began by brutally persecuting the Catholic Church.
他们开始残酷迫害天主教。 - VERB 找…的麻烦；骚扰；纠缠 If you say that someone is persecuting you, you mean that they are deliberately making your life difficult.
He said his first wife persecuted him with her unreasonable demands…
他说他的第一任妻子总是拿无理要求纠缠他。
Vic was bullied by his father and persecuted by his sisters.
维克受到父亲的欺压和姊妹们的纠缠。
— per·se·cu·tee \ˌpər-si-ˌkyü-ˈtē\ noun
— per·se·cu·tive \ˈpər-si-ˌkyü-tiv\ adjective
— per·se·cu·tor -ˌkyü-tər\ noun
— per·se·cu·to·ry -kyü-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective
12
Q
per·spi·ra·tion noun \ˌpər-spə-ˈrā-shən\
A
- N-UNCOUNT 汗；汗珠 Perspiration is the liquid which comes out on the surface of your skin when you are hot or frightened.
His hands were wet with perspiration.
他双手被汗水浸湿了。
…night sweats and excessive perspiration.
夜间盗汗和出汗过多
She wiped the perspiration from her forehead.
13
Q
per·ti·nent adj \ˈpər-tə-nənt\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 有关的；相关的 Something that is pertinent is relevant to a particular subject.
She had asked some pertinent questions…
她问了一些相关的问题。
Pertinent information will be forwarded to the appropriate party.
有关信息将会转发给相关方。
pertinently: ‘If we pay players, how far do we go?’ Gresson asked pertinently…“如果我们给乐手付酬，给多少合适？”格雷森进一步问道。Where had they learned all this, or, more pertinently, why had they remembered it?他们从哪里了解到所有这些的？或者更确切地说，他们为什么会记得这件事？
— per·ti·nent·ly adverb
14
Q
per·va·sive adj \pər-ˈvā-siv\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 遍布的；贯穿始终的；四处弥漫的 Something, especially something bad, that is pervasive is present or felt throughout a place or thing.
…the pervasive influence of the army in national life…
在国民生活中军队的影响无处不在
She lives with a pervasive sense of guilt.
她生活在深深的愧疚之中。
pervasiveness: …the pervasiveness of computer technology.计算机技术的普及
— per·va·sive·ly adverb
— per·va·sive·ness noun
15
Q
per·ver·sion noun \pər-ˈvər-zhən\
A
- N-VAR 性欲反常；性变态 You can refer to a sexual desire or action that you consider to be abnormal and unacceptable as a perversion .
- N-VAR 颠倒是非；曲解；歪曲 A perversion of something is a form of it that is bad or wrong, or the changing of it into this form.
What monstrous perversion of the human spirit leads a sniper to open fire on a bus carrying children?…
是何等可怕的心理扭曲会导致狙击手向载满儿童的公共汽车开火？
The past has been scarred by countless perversions of justice.
无数的是非颠倒使过去的岁月伤痕累累。
16
Q
pes·ti·cide noun \ˈpes-tə-ˌsīd\
A
- N-MASS 杀虫剂；农药 Pesticides are chemicals which farmers put on their crops to kill harmful insects.
— pes·ti·ci·dal adjective
17
Q
pe·ti·tion noun \pə-ˈti-shən\
A
- N-COUNT 请愿书 A petition is a document signed by a lot of people which asks a government or other official group to do a particular thing.
We recently presented the government with a petition signed by 4,500 people.
最近我们向政府递交了有4,500人签名的请愿书。 - N-COUNT 上诉；（对法庭的）请求 A petition is a formal request made to a court of law for some legal action to be taken.
His lawyers filed a petition for all charges to be dropped…
他的律师提请撤销所有指控。
The court rejected their petition.
法庭驳回了他们的上诉。 - VERB 祈求；请求；请愿 If you petition someone in authority, you make a formal request to them.
…couples petitioning for divorce…
申请离婚的夫妇
All the attempts to petition the Congress had failed…
所有向国会请愿的努力均告失败。
— pe·ti·tion·ary adjective -ˈti-shə-ˌner-ē\
18
Q
phago·cy·to·sis noun \ˌfa-gə-sə-ˈtō-səs\
A
n.吞噬作用，噬菌作用
— phago·cy·tot·ic adjective -ˈtä-tik\
19
Q
phar·ma·ceu·ti·cal adj \ˌfär-mə-ˈsü-ti-kəl\
A
- ADJ 制药的 Pharmaceutical means connected with the industrial production of medicine.
…a Swiss pharmaceutical company…
瑞士制药公司 - N-PLURAL 药物；药品 Pharmaceuticals are medicines.
Antibiotics were of no use, neither were other pharmaceuticals.
抗生素没有效果，其他药物也没有作用。
— phar·ma·ceu·ti·cal·ly -ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
20
Q
phar·ma·col·o·gist noun -ˈkä-lə-jist\
A
n.药理学家
phar·ma·col·o·gy noun \ˌfär-mə-ˈkä-lə-jē\
