GMOs

Question 1

plant biotechnology

Answer 1

innovations in the use of plants to make useful products, the use of GM organisms in agriculture and industry

Question 2

how do humans modify crops

Answer 2

by breeding and genetic engineering

Question 3

genetically modified foods (GMOs)

Answer 3

plants and animals of agricultural importance whose genomes have been altered

Question 4

ways in which crops are genetically modified

Answer 4

traditional breeding, mutagenesis, RNA interference, transgenics

Question 5

traditional breeding

Answer 5

crossing plants and selecting offspring

Question 6

mutagenesis

Answer 6

exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation

Question 7

RNA interference

Answer 7

switching off selected genes with RNA

Question 8

transgenics

Answer 8

inserting selected genes using recombinant DNA methods

Question 9

Golden rice

Answer 9

a variety of rice that contains the vitamin A precursor, transgenic

Question 10

transgenic organisms

Answer 10

created when genes are transferred between unrelated species

Question 11

cigenic

Answer 11

used to describe genes transferred within a species

Question 12

biotechnology

Answer 12

a wide range of methods that manipulate organisms or their components

Question 13

diabetes

Answer 13

the body can’t make or can’t use insulin properly

Question 14

why create herbicide-resistant GM crops

Answer 14

weed infestations destroy 10% of crops worldwide, herbicides applied before seeding can be so efficient they kill crop plants

Question 15

herbicide tolerant GM crops

Answer 15

contain a bacterial gene that confers tolerance to the broad spectrum herbicide glyphosate

Question 16

insect resistant GM crops

Answer 16

makes plants resistant to agricultural pests,

Question 17

bt crops

Answer 17

Bt produces cry proteins which are toxic to insects

Question 18

biolostic method

Answer 18

uses a gene gun to introduce cells in vitro

Question 19

agrobacterium-mediated technology

Answer 19

uses bacteria that causes tumors on the plant to insert Ti plasmids into the DNA, the TDNA is then removed and replaced with cloned DNA of desired genes

Question 20

selectable markers

Answer 20

allow scientists to distinguish between transformed and non-transformed products

Question 21

negative selection

Answer 21

involves a marker gene that is antibiotic resistant, they are introduced into the plant cells and only cells that express the resistant gene survive

Question 22

positive selection

Answer 22

involves a marker gene encoding PMI, plant cells that express pmi gene survive and can be positively selected by growing cells on a medium

Question 23

round up resistant soybeans

Answer 23

resistant to glyphosate, uses agrobacterium technique, farmers can spray roundup and not kill their soybeans

Question 24

superweeds

Answer 24

weeds that may become resistant to herbicides