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H2 > GOLDEN YEARS 1924-29 > Flashcards

GOLDEN YEARS 1924-29 Flashcards

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1
Q

Arguments for political stability during GY’s

A

No uprisings

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2
Q

Arguments against political stability during GY’s

A

Decline in liberals
6 coalition governments
Most did not have a majority

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3
Q

Why was the electoral decline in liberals significant?

A

Because it undermined the foundations of the republic

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4
Q

Positive for production?

A

1928 levels back to that of 1913

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5
Q

Negative for economic growth?

A

1926 production actually declined

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6
Q

Negative for saving and investments?

A

Hyperinflation discouraged saving and investments so income relied on foreign capital

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7
Q

Negative for Dawes Plan

A

Very dependent on American loans

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8
Q

Economic growth compared to France, Britain and USA?

A

Germany was behind

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9
Q

How much of GDP did reparations make up?

A

2%

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10
Q

Unemployment levels

A

1.3 million at highest- good

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11
Q

Did unemployment increase or decrease during GY’s?

A

Increase

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12
Q

Welfare

A

Improvements- sickness and pension benefits

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13
Q

Negatives of welfare during GY’s

A

Industrialists resented welfare state

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14
Q

Which groups were hostile to the regime?

A

Junkers and peasant farmers

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15
Q

Negatives to employment and work

A

Industrialists and workers both refused to co-operate

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16
Q

Successes of foreign policy during GY’s

A

Fulfilment proved the Treaty was unrealistic
Improved relations with USSR
Sympathy from West

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17
Q

Failures of foreign policy during GY’s

A

War guilt clause still a sore spot- Hindenburg 1927 speech showed this

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18
Q

Successes in womens rights

A

11 women elected to the Reichstag

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19
Q

Failures in women’s rights

A

Did work, but had unequal pay

1932 law allowed women to be dismissed from work if they were a second earner

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20
Q

1928 elections-presence of extremism

A

KPD gained over 10% and Nazis made gains in northern rural areas

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21
Q

How many farms were running at a loss in 1928?

A

1/3

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22
Q

By 19__, production levels were that of 19__

A

By 1928, production levels were that of 1919

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23
Q

Wages

A

Hourly wages rose

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24
Q

Maximum working week

A

48 hours

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25
Over _ million houses built between 19__ and 19__
Over 2 million houses built between 1924 and 1931
26
Homelessness reduced by __%
60%
27
Evidence that there was political stability
Support for liberal parties rising- SPD won 29.8%
28
SPD election figures 1928
29.8%
29
Grand Coalition 1928 had __ of Reichstag support
60%
30
Limitations of political stability
Proportional representation, difficulties in co-operation between coalitions
31
How long did the longest coalition survive?
21 months
32
Evidence against political stability
Hindenburg Short lived, unworkable coalitions Election turnouts declined in the 1920s
33
Stresemann's main aims (2)
Free Germany from the limitations of the Treaty of Versailles Restore Germany to its full status of power
34
The Dawes Plan
Stresemann called off passive resistance and agreed to resume paying reparations- encouraged sympathy and consequently meant that America gave Germany loans
35
The Locarno Pact
Peace pact between Britain, France and Italy- renounced the use of force No longer isolated from allies!!
36
When was Germany invited to join the League of Nations?
1926
37
1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
Showed that Germany was co-operating with other nations
38
The Young Plan
Revised reparations- 1/4 of 1921 sum
39
1926 Treaty of Berlin
Between the USSR and Germany | Reduced pressure on Germany's Eastern front
40
Art during the Golden Years
Often held political and social messages
41
Architecture and design
Bauhaus movement- modern and somewhat resented by conservative circles
42
Literature
Avant garde style, explored a range of social issues
43
Cabaret
Mocked old German conventions | Interest in experimentation, transvestism and homosexuality
44
Conflict in cultures
Many writers during the 1920s opposed pacifism | Horrified by the decline in moral and cultural standards
45
1925-29 export rate
Increased by 40%
46
Working week during the Golden Years
48 hrs
47
When was the Rentenmark introduced?
1923
48
How did the Dawes Plan help reparations payments?
Paid back over a longer period of time- rise after 5 years
49
When did world food prices collapse?
1922
50
Impact of the 1922 world food price collapse
Rural poverty (1/3 of the population were farmers)
51
How many workers did the unemployment insurance scheme cover?
17 million
52
Women in society
'new women'
53
Areas where women gained equal rights
Public employment, sports clubs, sexual independence
54
Limitations of female liberation
The amount of women who worked outside the home during the 1920's remained largely the same
55
Limitations in education
Majority of schools remained denominal Most secondary teacher and lecturers remained conservative 10% of students in higher education were working class
56
% of working class students in higher education
10%
57
1928 coalition
Headed by SPD
58
Which coalition did the SPD head?
1928
59
During what period were there no attempts to overthrow the republic?
1924 to 1928
60
When does Ebert die ?
1925
61
Who takes over from Ebert as president?
Hindenburg
62
1928 what % of the electorate voted pro-Weimar democracy?
76%
63
Which election did 76% of the electorate vote pro-Weimar?
1928
64
Limitations of political stability during the Golden Years
25% of the electorate voted against Weimar democracy KPD 12.6% in 1924., 10.6% in 1928 NSDAP rose after the 1929 crash
65
Which countries in the Locarno Treaties agreed to respect existing borders?
Germany, France and Belgium
66
Which countries in the Locarno Treaties agreed to be peaceful?
Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia
67
When were the Locarno Treaties?
1925

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