OCCUPATION TO DIVISION

Question 1

How many Germans fled?

Answer 1

12 million

Question 2

__% of housing destroyed

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

Problems by 1945 (3)

Answer 3

Population displacement
Urban destruction/ food shortages
Economic

Question 4

Economic issues in Germany by 1945

Answer 4

Industrial capacity declined dramatically

Inflation, black market

Question 5

Yalta agreement

Answer 5

Decided that Germany would be divided into four zones

ACC set up

Question 6

At which conference was the decision to split Germany made?

Answer 6

Yalta, Feb 1945

Question 7

Potsdam agreement

Answer 7

4D’s

Question 8

4D’s

Answer 8

De-Nazification
Democratisation
Demilitarisation
Decentralisation

Question 9

Issues remaining after the post war conferences (3)

Answer 9

Ideology
Security
Economy

Question 10

How did the Allies deal with the Nazi legacy?

Answer 10

Nuremburg Trials

Denazification

Question 11

Denazification in the Western zones (4)

Answer 11

Nazi party declared illegal
Ex-NSDAP members banned from leading positions
Questionnaires
Forced to visit concentration camps

Question 12

Problems with de-Nazification in the Western zones (2)

Answer 12

Shortage of skilled labour

Difficult to find experts who had not been involved in Nazism

Question 13

Denazification in the US zone

Answer 13

Most harsh- wanted to purge German society of evil

Question 14

Denazification in the British zone

Answer 14

Not so harsh- questionnaires not pursued so throughly

Ex-Party members soon allowed to return to their positions

Question 15

Denazification in the French zone

Answer 15

Primarily focused on security from the Soviets

Question 16

Denazification in the Soviet zone

Answer 16

Blamed capitalism
By 1948. 450,000 Nazi lawyers and teachers dismissed
Used as more of a tool for getting rid of opposition

Question 17

Decentralisation

Answer 17

Prussia dissolved as a part of decentralisation- symbol of militarism, nationalism and power politics

Question 18

Why was Prussia dissolved?

Answer 18

As a part of decentralisation- symbol of militarism, nationalism and power politics

Question 19

Decentralisation in the Soviet zone (2)

Answer 19

Created 5 Länder by 1945

Established a range of centralised authorities eg transport, housing etc

Question 20

Decentralisation under the US zone

Answer 20

Strongest supporters of decentralisation

May 1946 held first federal state elections

Question 21

Decentralisation in the British zone

Answer 21

Preferred to limit German authority and power- did not trust
Started to decentralise more later on
May 1947 elections for federal state parliament were held

Question 22

Decentralisation in the French zone

Answer 22

Did not support
Wanted Germany dismembered for its own security and financial interests
Was not until March 1947 that Länder elections were held

Question 23

Problems with democratisation

Answer 23

Older Germans associated democracy with the Weimar system

Ex-Nazi mayor elected

Question 24

Aims of Ulbricht (3)

Answer 24

Destroy the remnants of Nazism
To create a party under the KPD
Occupy key power positions

Question 25

'It has to appear democratic...

Answer 25

'... but we keep everything under our control

Question 26

How did the Soviets merge the parties together?

Answer 26

The Block of Anti-Facist parties- harassed into joining | United front

Question 27

Creation of the SED

Answer 27

1945 Soviets merged the KPD and SPD to form the SED (through pressure and harassment from SMAD)

Question 28

__% of the SPD were against the merger

Answer 28

72%

Question 29

Advantages the Soviet zone had (2)

Answer 29

Less war damaged | Industrial areas like Saxony and Thuringia

Question 30

Disadvantages the Soviet zone had (2)

Answer 30

Lacked raw materials | Starvation

Question 31

Soviet nationalisation of industry

Answer 31

1400 industrial plants literally sent over to Russia | 61% of industry was nationalised

Question 32

__% of industry was nationalised

Answer 32

61%

Question 33

Problems in the Western zones

Answer 33

Harsh winters Had to pay for food, heating and medical services Was worst damaged and densely populated

Question 34

Almost _/_ of housing in Western sectors destroyed

Answer 34

1/3

Question 35

Food problems in the Western zones

Answer 35

1947 famine | 700-1200 cals per day

Question 36

Concern about Soviet threat

Answer 36

Churchill's Iron Curtain speech

Question 37

When was Bizonia introduced?

Answer 37

Jan 1947

Question 38

Why was Bizonia significant?

Answer 38

Economically united British and American zones, isolated Soviets

Question 39

When was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 39

March 1947

Question 40

When was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 40

5 June 1947

Question 41

How much did Marshall Aid give to Germany?

Answer 41

$1.5 billion

Question 42

Why was Germany divided? (3)

Answer 42

Berlin Crisis Soviet ideology and aggression US expansionist policy

Question 43

Berlin Crisis 1948-49

Answer 43

Currency reform | Blockade and airlift

Question 44

Soviet ideology and aggression to blame?

Answer 44

Stalin's aggressive and expansionist foreign policy may have posed threat to the West

Question 45

US economic and military expansion to blame?

Answer 45

USSR can be seen to be defending/ reacting to