Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

USMLE > Goljan High Yield > Flashcards

Goljan High Yield Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Physiologic effects of hemorrhage

A

Drop in BP, activation in RAA, DEC renal blood flow, catecholamine stimulation, catecholamine release from high pressure baroreceptors, tachycardia, stimulation of JG apparatus (venoconstriction), INC ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Opportunistic infections of AIDS 8

A

PCP, CMV, Cryptococcus, MAI, TB, Herpes (esophagitis), Candida, (Thrush, esophagitis, vulvogaginitis - T cell candida are superficial, not systemic (N!), Cryptosporidium (acid fast; diarrhea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cocaine

A

CNS Stimulant, DEC uptake of DOPA, NOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Serum protein electrophoresis - polyclonal vs monoclonal

A

Polyclonal - chronic inflam. Monoclonal - one clone of plasma cell, MGUS is most common cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Abscence of Y chromosomes

A

germinal ridge moves in direction of ovarian differentiation, presence of Y chromosome -> testes differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

UVB light. Action and causes

A

Thymidine dimers. If not replaced by normal DNAw/ repair enzymes -> CA (Basal, squam, melanom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ESR related to age?

A

INC w/ age. Probably abnormal (indicates disease process rather than just age related)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Key elements in wound healing

A

granulation tissue, fibronectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cause of death in 15-25 age bracket

A

MVA. Black males - homicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Xeroderma pigmentosum

A

AR disease w/ absent DNA repair enzymes and INC indidence of UVB related skin CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cytochrome oxidase - Inhibited by?

A

Last enzyme in electron transport chain - inhibited by CO and cyanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood

A

SXR diseae, absent NADPH oxidase, absent respiratory burst, cant kill catalase positive S. aureus but can kill catalse negative sterptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cause of atrophyi n muscle in a cast?

A

Lack of muscle stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mosaicism

A

Non-disjunction in somatic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to calculate the reference interval of a test when given mean of test and 1 SD

A

Double SD - since 2 SD covering 95% of population is used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mitochondria inheritance patterns

A

Mom give disease to all kids. Her son gives none to his kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vitamin deficiency in acloholics

A

Folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Metal deficiency in alcoholics

A

magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Viatamin assoc w/ pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

thiamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ambiguous genitalia - what to do?

A

Always determine genetic sex of a child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Respiratory burst. Found where?

A

NADPH oxidase conversion of O2 to superoxide free radicals. Found in N! and monocytes only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Caisson disease- blood gas?

A

Pressure N2 DEC in blood, as it moves from vessels into tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Clear Cell AdenoCA of vagina risk

A

DES exposure. Vaginal adenosis is precursor (persistence of upper 1/3 of vagina (columnar) - did not differentiate into squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens to other kidney if one is damaged?

A

Undergoes hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Vit E toxicity
DEC Vit K dependent factors and thus INC risk of hemorrhagic strokes - potentiates action of Warfarin
26
Biotin reaction (B7)
carboxylase reaction in conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate
27
Cherry red macula
Tay sach disease
28
Pyridoxine (B6)
Transamination rx involving AST/ALT. Also needed for Heme creation (ALAS, ALAD)
29
Functions of ANP
inhibits ADH release, AT2 affects on thirst stimulation, inhibits aldosterone secretion, inhibits renal reabs of Na
30
Chance of a male w/ CF having a kid
Less tahn 5%. Vas deferens never fully develop or are atretic. Females w/ CF can be pregnant but it is difficult due to thick cervical mucus
31
Vitamin supplements for CF?
All fat soluble vitamins
32
Woman is pure vegan and is breats feeding baby and baby develops anemia. Why?
B12 deficiency
33
EBV attaches to waht moleecule on B cell?
B21
34
Hypogonadism, MR, and unilateral gynecomastia
Klinefelter syndrome (XYY) - males
35
Hypogonadism and color blindness
Kallman syndrome (absent GnRH
36
Hypogonadism, MR, Retinitis pigmentosum
Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome
37
Male w/ hypogonadism, MR, short stature, webbed neck
Noonan syndrome - AD - can be in males of females. (similar to male version of Turner-45x),
38
Male pseudohermaphrodite w/ cryptorchidism
Testicular feminization (absent androgen receptors, SXR (sex reversal XX -> male), most common cause of male pseudohermaphroditism
39
Microdeletion syndrome w/ hypogonadism, MR, short stature, obesity
Prader Willi syndrome (Chr15 deletion of paternal origin - can occur in females and males). Angelman syndrome is deletion is of maternal origin
40
Pt. w/ neurofibromatosis w/ severe diastolic HTN
Probably Pheo. MEN3
41
Use and Complications of cyclophosphamide
Alkylating drug for chemo. Hemorrhagic cystitis and transitional CA of bladder
42
Decline in deaths due to SIDS attributed to
Having baby sleep supine. SIDS often due to immature central chemoreceptors which do not respond to reespiratory acidosis by moving their heads and die
43
Most important risk factors for INC morbidity/mortality of single 25 black male
Unprotected sex (AIDS is number 1 killer) , white males - MVA
44
Car assembly plant present w/ headache nausea vomiting, muscle weakness, ab cramps
Lead poisoning from incineration of battery. Or People making moonshine in an old car radiator.
45
Newborn female presents w/ edema of hands and feet and cystic mass in neck
Turners Syndrome w/ 45XO karyotype
46
Compare breast milk to cows milk
Cows milk has more vitamin K, B12, more casein, less ascorbic acid. Breast milk has low iron but it is better absorbed. Whey is primary protein in breast milk, wherears casein is in cows
47
UV light most likely to produce corneal burn
UVB - snow skiing. UVB also related to CA (UV-Bad)
48
Retinal hemorrhage in young children
Possible child abuse - shaking syndrome
49
Pt stung by bee and has respiratory difficulty, flushing, ab cramping - Tx?
Aqueous Epinephrine 1:1000 sc.
50
Fire ant bites
multiple wheals that later devo into vesicles, and pustules
51
Black widow bite (carrying logs outside, moving boxes in basement
painful bite that is followed by crampy pain in thighs and ab. Rx w/ muscle relaxant (Calcium gluconate), tetanus prophylaxis, antivenin in severe cases.
52
Poisonous scorption sting in Southwest presentation
pain sting followed by local itching, paresthesia, nausea, vomiting, HTN
53
Brown Reculuse spider bite
PAINLESS BITE begins w/ slightly tender red papule on arm that laters forms hemorrhagic blister surrounded by purpura
54
Chigger bites
extremely pruritic, discrete bright red papules on legs and around waist
55
Child who ingests 30 adult aspirins most likely to devo
INC anion gap metabolic acidosis (kids unlike adults, do not devo mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. Rx - gastric lavage and activated charcol to alkalinize urine for INC excretion of the acid
56
Disease to more likely infect fetus AFTER first trimester?
syphilis
57
Engineer driving train involved w/ crash has THC metabolites in urine - why?
Delayed reaction time, impaired ability to judge speed/distance
58
Angiosarcoma of liver - causes?
Vinyl chloride, arsenic, thorotrast (radiocontrast used in the 40s)
59
Acetaminophen tox - worry about where?
Liver and kidney (renal medulla), free radical injury. Tx Liver w/ n-acetylcysteine
60
Low AFP - be concerned for?
Downs syndrome

USMLE (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions