Good and Evil Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
Absolute Morals
A
Morals that no not change, no matter the circumstances
2
Q
Relative morals
A
Morals that may change, based on the circumstance
3
Q
Crime
A
A crime is something that goes against the laws of the land - are punishable by Law
4
Q
Sin
A
A sin is something that goes against God
5
Q
What might the consequences of sinful behaviour be for a Christian?
A
- Personal suffering
- Offending God
- Excommunication
- Exclusion from Heaven
6
Q
What will be the consequences for a Muslim who goes against the law?
A
They will receive specified punishment from God, and if a Muslim’s bad deeds outweigh their good ones, they will go to Hell on the Day of Judgement
7
Q
8 Causes of Crime are:
A
- Poor Education
- Poor Parenting
- Poverty
- Mental Health Issues
- Addiction
- Unemployment
- Peer Pressure
- Media
8
Q
How might the media be a cause of crime?
A
Normalizing violence and crime by showing it on TV
9
Q
How could Poor Parenting be a cause of crime?
A
- Abusive Parenting - children become abusive themselves, or lack self-regulation strategies
- Broken Home - children need validation and support, find that in crime gangs
- They aren’t brought up to know right from wrong
10
Q
How could Poverty influence someone to commit crimes?
A
They might feel like they rely on stolen goods to survive
11
Q
How might an addiction make someone commit crimes?
A
- Clouds their brain so they make poor descisions
- Controlled by their addiction
- Struggle with self-regulation
- Would go to extreme lengths to access the addictive substance
12
Q
How could poor mental health be a cause of crime?
A
People with poor mental health are more likely to engage in risky behaviours as they feel like there’s nothing left to live for and they don’t care what happens to them.
13
Q
How could unemployment drive someone to commit crime?
A
- They have a lot of spare time on their hands
- They could spend struggling with money because of it, so they might steal
- Feeling of hopelessness
14
Q
How could peer pressure cause someone to commit a crime?
A
Desperate for validation and to feel like they belong - they get this from gangs, organised crime, etc
15
Q
The 6 aims of punishment:
A
- Protection
- Retribution
- Deterrence
- Reformation
- Vindication
- Reparation
16
Q
Protection
A
To put away a criminal to protect a society from their behaviour
17
Q
Give an example of Protection (punishment)
A
Placing a criminal in prison
18
Q
Retribution
A
To put away a criminal in revenge for their behaviour. The punishment should be suitable for the crime.
19
Q
An example of retribution is…
A
The death penalty
20
Q
Deterrence
A
To give a hard or unpleasant punishment to put the offender, and others, off from repeating the same crime.
21
Q
Dive an example of deterrence
A
Amputation
22
Q
Reformation
A
To try and change the behaviour of the criminal, and help them understand the effect of their behaviour on others.
23
Q
An example of reformation is…
A
Counselling.
24
Q
Vindication
A
To punish someone as the law must be obeyed.
25
Give an example of vindication
Giving a fine
26
Reparation
To make up for what you’ve done - compensation to the victim/society for your actions
27
Give an example of reparation
Paying back financially - paying compensation
28
Justice
Justice is where everyone has equal rights, and everyone gets what they deserve.
29
What do Muslims believe about the punishment of criminals?
- They should be treated justly
- Reformation is important
- Still punished by law, but also by Allah on Day of Judgement
30
What do Christians believe about the punishment of criminals?
- Forgiveness over retribution, as Jesus taught the importance of forgiveness
- They believe prisoners should be reformed
- Prisoners should be treated justly
- Society should be kept safe - protection and deterrence
31
Give a quotation from the Qur’an about the importance of Justice.
“Stand out firmly for Justice, as witnesses to God”
32
Give a quotation from the Bible about the importance of justice.
“But let Justice roll on like a river”
33
What are the main issues for those leaving prison?
- No permanent accommodation (housing or shelter)
- Little money
- Not getting the support needed - often leads to them reoffending
34
What support services do we have for Prisoners in the modern prison system?
- Drug rehabilitation
- Education
- Chaplains
- Counseling
- Training for work
35
What percentage of the prison population have any qualifications?
53%
36
Who was Elizabeth Fry?
A prison reformer, who worked hard to change prisons all over the UK.
37
What did Elizabeth Fry do to help the prisoners at Newgate?
- Sewed clothes for the children
- Brought food for all the prisoners
- Read stories
- Gave the women and children an education so that they could have a second chance out of prison
38
Who were, traditionally, Prison Chaplains?
Priests or Imams, but now they do not have to be religious
39
What support do Prison Chaplains offer prisoners?
Pastoral Care, like:
- Counselling
- Support through rehabilitation
- Seeing to their spiritual needs
40
What do Prison Chaplains help prisoners to do after their sentence has ended?
Re-enter the community
41
Capital Punishment
Capital punishment is where the state uses execution as the punishment for a crime.
42
How many people were executed globally in 2016?
1,032 were recorded
43
Which country is the world’s top executioner?
China
44
Name four methods of execution used around the world
- Beheading
- Lethal injection
- Hanging
- Shooting
45
When did the UK Parliament abolish the Death Penalty?
1969
46
Why might some Muslims agree with the death penalty?
It’ s a punishment established by God in the Qur’an, and it’s also stated in Shari’ah Law.
47
What is the death penalty the punishment for according to Shari’ah law?
Murder, adultery, and denying Islam
48
Why might some Muslims be against the Death Penalty?
- They believe that, although it’s allowed, it’s not always necessary
- Shari’ah Law states that family of a murder victim can be paid reparation money instead
- Only Allah has the right to take a life - the Death Penalty is ‘playing God’, which is Shirk
49
Which Christian denominations are against the Death Penalty?
Liberal, Quakers, Catholics (divided)
50
Which Christian denominations are for the death penalty?
Conservative and Catholics (divided)
51
Why might a Christian be against the death penalty?
- Sanctity of life - only God can take a life
- 10 Commandments state “thou shall not kill”
Criminals should be forgiven, and given the opportunity to reform
52
Give two Bible quotes that support the death penalty.
- “an eye for an eye”
- “whoever sheds the blood of man, shall his blood be shed”
53
Why might a Christian agree with the death penalty?
- Murder is forbidden (Ten Commandments)
- Used in the Old Testament of the Bible
- Used if it’s the only way to protect society
54
Give four Bible quotes that are used against the death penalty.
- “thou shall not kill”
- “love thy enemy”
- “Forgive then for they do not know what they have done”
- “do not repay evil with evil”
55
Reasons for conflict:
- Money
- Disagreements
- Greed
- Resources
- Trade
- Power
- Land
- Misunderstandings
56
Give two Bible quotations that show a Christian’ s view on Peace.
- “Blessed are the peacemakers”
- “I tell you that anyone who is angry with a brother or sister will be subject to judgement”
57
The Just War Theory
A set of conditions that determine whether or not a war is deemed “just”.
58
State the conditions of the Just War Theory
Cause
Resort (last resort)
Authority
Proportionality
Peace (ultimate goal)
Success (even chance of)
59
Who came up with the Just War Theory?
St Thomas Aquinas
60
What do Muslims believe about Peace?
Muslims believe in peace being very important, but they believe that war is sometimes necessary.
61
What are the conditions of an Islamic Holy War?
- Be authorised by a Muslim Authority
- Cause minimal suffering
- Not target innocent civilians
- End once the opposition has surrendered
62
Pacifism
The belief that violence is unnecessary and wrong. A pacifist will make a conscious effort to maintain peace.
63
Give an example of a group of pacifists
Quakers
64
Forgiveness
To grant pardon for wrongdoing; To give up resentment a the desire to seek revenge for wrongdoings.
65
What happened to Gee Walker?
Her son died in a racial attack at a bus stop, and she chose to forgive the killers.
66
Why did Gee Walker choose to forgive?
- She was Christian so she believed it was very important
- She’d known the family for years - kids grew up at school together
- Believes it’s not up to her to seek revenge
- Felt like it took a weight off of her - “it does help the healing process”
67
Give three examples of forgiveness in the Bible
- Zacchaeus the Tax Collector
- The Adulterous Woman
- The Parable of the Forgiving Father
68
What is ‘Good’ ?
‘Good’ is something that is morally ‘right’; Good is the absence of evil.
69
Why are terms like ‘Good’ and ‘Evil’ so hard to define?
Everyone has their own personal beliefs and opinions on what they mean to them.
70
What is ‘Evil’ ?
‘Evil’ is something that is extremely immoral or wrong.
71
What are the two types of evil?
Moral evil and natural evil
72
Moral Evil
Evil that is caused as a result of humans’ actions
73
Natural Evil
Evil that doesn’t come from humans and cannot be stopped.
74
Why do Christians believe that there’s evil in the world?
- Dealing with it develops our souls
- Gives us an opportunity to grow
- Free will causes evil
- Adam and Eve introduced evil into the world
- Life is a test
- The Devil
- Purely as the opposite to Good
75
Why do Muslims believe that there’s evil in the world?
- Suffering and pain are part of God’s plan
- We cannot understand as we are only humans
- Life is a test
- Comes from Sheytani (the devil)
76
Fate
A power or force that determines the future, it’s unchangeable and irreversible
77
Free-will
The belief that humans have a free choice in life; nothing is pre-planned
78
Predestination
Everything that happens is because God planned it that way, including who goes to Heaven or Hell
79
Ways of alleviating suffering:
- Prayer
- Fundraising
- Counselling
- Rehabilitation programmes
- Disaster relief
- Building works
- Medical care
- Training sessions/ Education
80
What are the two types of suffering?
Natural and human suffering
81
Natural Suffering
Suffering caused by events that are beyond human control
82
Human suffering
Suffering that is caused by the actions of human beings
83
Give some examples of Natural suffering
Earthquakes, tsunamis, disease
84
Give some examples of Human suffering
Murder, rape, terrorism
85
Christian attitudes to suffering:
- Can be seen as a test
- Punishment for sin
- Part of God’s plan
- Allows us to appreciate the good in the world
86
Muslim attitudes to suffering:
- Everything is part of the will and plan of God (al Qadr)
- Life is a test
- Good can come from suffering
- Spiritual development
