Gout and Osteoarthritis Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are 3 symptoms of joint disease
pain
immobility stiffness
loss of function
What are some signs of joint disease?
- swelling (fluctuant, bony and synovial)
- deformity
- redness
- crepitus
- LOSS of function
Name 3 radiographic investigations for joint disease?
- plain
- MRI
- Arthrography
Name 4 blood tests used to investigate joint disease?
- c-reactive protein (CRP)
- Rheumatoid factors (RF)
- Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENA’s)
- Anti DS-DNA, anti- nuclear antibody (ANA)
Name 4 types of investigations used to investigate joint disease?
- radiography
- blood
- arthroscopy
- biopsy
What is anthrography?
radiography where dye is injected into joints
What is acute monoarthropathies? and what are the common causes?
- acute arthritis of a single joint
- infection- septic arthritis
- crystal arthropathy (GOUT)
- can be initial stale of polyarthritis
What is gout?
- uric acid crystal deposition in joints
- significant pain from reactive inflammation
What are the causes of hyperuricaemia?
- high uric acid levels
- drug induced (thiazide diuretics)
- genetic predisposition
- nucleic acid breakdown (chemotherapy cancer treatment)
- tumour related myeloma
obesity and alcohol enhance
What are the symptoms of gout?
- acute inflammation of SINGLE joint
- usually great toe
- usually a precipitating event (trauma, surgery, illness, diet/alcohol excess)
- rapid onset - hours
How do you treat gout?
NSAIDS
What are the dental aspects of gout>
- avoid aspirin - it interferes with uric acid removal
- drug treatments may give oral ulceration (allopurinol)
allopurinol lowers high uric acid levels in the blood
What is osteoarthritis?
- degenerative joint disease
- affects weight bearing joints/joint damage (hips and knees)
-cartilage repair dysfunction (NOT wear and tear)
What are the stats for osteoarthritis in the population?
- symptomatic in 10% population
- 60% show degenerative changes on XR
What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?
PAIN (improves with rest and worsens with activity)
brief morning stiffness
slowly progressive over years
What are the signs of osteoarthritis?
- radiographs
loss of joint space and subchondral sclerosis
osteophyte lipping at joint edge
joint swelling and deformity (usually seen in hand)
What is the treatment of osteoarthritis?
- nothing alters disease progression
- pain improved by:
increasing muscle strength around the joint
weight loss
walking aids
- role of NSAIDS
- prosthetic replacement for pain
Describe osteophyte lipping?
Bony projections at the joint edge, seen on a radiograph
Describe subchondral sclerosis?
Thickening of bone under cartilage layer, seen on a radiograph
How does osteoarthritis affect dentistry?
- TMJ can be involved but the symptoms are rare
- difficulty in accessing care
- chronic NSAID use (oral ulceration and bleeding tendency - anti-platelet)
- joint replacement may require AB prophylaxis (usually not needed)
