Gov test #2 chapter 4,5,6

Question 1

federalism

Answer 1

is a system of gov in which the same territory is controlled by 2 levels of gov

Question 2

implied powers

Answer 2

political powers, granted to the U.S. gov that aren’t explicitly stated in the constitution.

Question 3

delegated powers

Answer 3

delegated- the power to loin money, to regulate commerce, to declare war, to raise and maintain armed forces, and to establish a post office

Question 4

enumerated powers

Answer 4

the power to levy taxes, regulate commerce, establish a uniform law of naturalization establish federal courts

Question 5

commerce clause

Answer 5

article 1, section 8, clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution which gives congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with the Indian tribes.

Question 6

elastic clause

Answer 6

a statement in the U.S. constitution article 1, section 8, granting congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.

Question 7

block grants

Answer 7

are federal funds earmarked for specific state or local programs is supported by federal funds but administered by state or local gov

Question 8

categorical grants

Answer 8

called conditional grants, are grants issued by the U.S. congress which may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes

Question 9

coercive federalism

Answer 9

a view that the national gov may impose its policy preferences on the states through regulation in the form of mandates and restraints

Question 10

cooperative federalism

Answer 10

known as marble cake federalism is defined as a flexible relationship between the federal and state gov in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs

Question 11

dual federalism

Answer 11

layer cake federalism or divided sovereignty is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state gov in clearly defined terms

Question 12

elastic clause

Answer 12

a state in the U.S. constitution granting congress the power to pass laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers

Question 13

grant in aid

Answer 13

is federal money granted to a recipient to fund a project or program, not loans, and requires no repayments

Question 14

intergovernmental system

Answer 14

existing or occurring between 2 or more gov or levels of gov

Question 15

restraint

Answer 15

in first amendment law, prior restraints are gov action that prohibits speech or other expressions before the speech happens.

Question 16

mandate

Answer 16

are environmental regulations such as the clean air and clean water acts, which require state gov to enforce prescribed standards

Question 17

preemption

Answer 17

is a legal doctrine that allows a higher level of gov to limit or even eliminate the power of a lower level of gov to regulate a specific issue

Question 18

redistricting

Answer 18

every 10 years local gov use new census data to redraw their distinct lines to reflect how local population have changed

Question 19

sovereignty

Answer 19

is a political concept that refers to dominant power or supreme authority

Question 20

state’s rights

Answer 20

is an American political discourse states’ rights are political powers held for the state gov rather than the federal gov

Question 21

what powers are shared by state and national gov

Answer 21

concurrent powers refer to powers that are shared by both the federal gov and the state gov this includes the power to tax, build roads and create lower courts

Question 22

does the federal gov have the power to grant divorces

Answer 22

state, not federal, laws regulate marriage and divorce the federal gov provides certain rights to married people, including the right to have your marriage recognized in any state

Question 23

do states have the power to coin money

Answer 23

section 8 permits congress to coin money and to regulate its value section 10 denies states the right to coin or to print their own money

Question 24

which metaphor best describes dual federalism

Answer 24

can be described using the metaphor of a layer cake, where the layers of gov are linked, but function as distinct units

Question 25

what metaphor is most closely tied to the state's rights principle

Answer 25

refers to the right of the states to determine their own laws without interference from the federal gov

Question 26

what section of the constitution would a proponent of states rights and enumerated powers more likely to quote

Answer 26

delegated powers are specifically granted to the federal gov, in article 1, section 8 of the constitution

Question 27

the constitution did not give congress the authority to establish the internal revenue service, congress did so, however to implement its powers to lay and collect taxes what type of powers is this example of

Answer 27

implied power

Question 28

someone who believes that the elastic clause of the constitution should be narrowly interpreted is most likely to endorse the concept of what type of federalism

Answer 28

dual federalism

Question 29

to what type of powers do states rights supporters believe that congress should restrict its activities to

Answer 29

before and following the American civil war 1861-1865 the U.S. states particularly the southern states, shared the belief that each of them was sovereign and should have jurisdiction over its most important affairs.

Question 30

which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism

Answer 30

marble cake federalism is a bakery metaphor often used to describe the model of cooperative federalism

Question 31

what major impact did the great depression have on American federalism

Answer 31

changed the nature of federalism in the U.S. by expanding the power of the federal gov and creating agencies meant to provide jobs, economic relief and services to a broader range of American

Question 32

how are conflicts related to power sharing between states and the national gov resolved

Answer 32

the supreme court makes final judgements on constitutional issues, resolves differences among the states, and reviews the actions of state and local gov

Question 33

how did the supreme court rule with regard to the powers of the national gov from the 1930-1990's

Answer 33

Marbury vs. Madison 1803 established the supreme court as the final arbiter of the constitution and its power to declare acts of congress unconstitutional

Question 34

how had the supreme court frequently ruled since 1995

Answer 34

the number of justices on the supreme court changed 6 times before the settling at the present total of 9 in 1869

Question 35

what was the central question in the McCulloh decision concerned about

Answer 35

on March 6th 1819, the U.S. supreme court ruled in McCulloch vs Maryland that congress had the authority to establish a federal bank and that the financial institutions could not be taxed by the states

Question 36

what basic principle did the supreme court uphold in McCulloh vs Maryland

Answer 36

the court decided that the federal gov had the right and power to set up a federal bank and that states didn't have the power to tax the federal gov

Question 37

how did the supreme court order chief justice john Marshall, generally rule in favor of the states or the national gov

Answer 37

Marshall reinforced the national gov power over the states

Question 38

how did the supreme court in U.S. vs Lopez rule

Answer 38

Lopez 514 U.S. 549, gun possession is not eco. activity that has any impact on interstate commerce, whether direct or indirect, so the federal gov cannot base a law prohibiting gun possession near schools on the commerce clause

Question 39

the use of highway construction funds is an example of what type of federalism

Answer 39

in 1956 congress passed an act creating an interstate highway system, through this and other areas, the federal system has been able to promote a partnership between the national and state gov

Question 40

what is the result of preemption

Answer 40

floor preemption 4 which occurs when a higher level of gov passes a law that establishes a minimum set of requirements and allows lower levels of gov to pass and enforce laws that impose more rigorous requirements

Question 41

who is responsible for congressional redistricting, when does it occur

Answer 41

section 28, article 3, of Texas constitution, requires the legislature to redistrict state house districts during the first regular session following the publication of the decennial census

Question 42

how likely are voters to participate in state and local elections compared with national elections

Answer 42

citizens vote for leaders to represent them and their ideas, and the leaders support the citizens in interest.

Question 43

public in gov

Answer 43

1) the body political or the people of a state, nation, or municipality. 2) under the authority of the gov or belonging and available to the people, not private

Question 44

opinion in gov

Answer 44

are usually designed to rep. the opinions of a population conducting a series of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals

Question 45

political ideology

Answer 45

is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work

Question 46

issue framing

Answer 46

selects certain aspects of an issue and makes them more prominent in order to elicit certain interpretation and evaluations of the issue

Question 47

political socialization

Answer 47

the process by which people acquire political beliefs and values

Question 48

public opinion

Answer 48

is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society

Question 49

self interest principle

Answer 49

when gov policy is geared to narrow political aims rather than wider economic and social benefits

Question 50

socioeconomic status

Answer 50

name, amount and kind of education, type, and prestige of occupation, place of residence, and in some societies or parts of society.

Question 51

what is the basic definition of public opinion

Answer 51

is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society it is the people's views on matters affecting them

Question 52

who are the most important socialization agents in early childhood

Answer 52

the family is the most important agent of socialization for children, parents' values/behavior patterns influence their daughters/sons

Question 53

who are the most important socialization agents in adulthood

Answer 53

mothers, fathers, siblings, grandparents, plus members of an extended family, all teach kids what to know

Question 54

from where a majority of adults gain their political info

Answer 54

from relationships, family, friends, co-workers, internet, Twitter, FB, TikTok, Instagram, tv, etc

Question 55

show how social or demographic characteristics are linked to political values

Answer 55

they might identify themselves with a party depending on their beliefs coming from their parents, peers, race, religion, etc

Question 56

what role should public opinion play according to the majoritarian model of democracy

Answer 56

it guides gov action, influences public policy gives feedback to politicians, it gives self-rule in democracy

Question 57

why are public opinion polls criticized

Answer 57

the practice discourages many people from voting and thereby affects the outcome of some state and local elections

Question 58

are college students more moderate, liberal or conservative than the general public

Answer 58

in 2014, about 16,112 liberals/far left increased to 60%

Question 59

priming gov

Answer 59

occurs when news content suggests to news audiences that they ought to use a specific issue as benchmarks for evaluating the performance of leaders and gov

Question 60

framing in gov

Answer 60

often presents facts in such a way that implicates a problem that is in need of a solution

Question 61

horserace journalism

Answer 61

of elections that resembles coverage of horse races because of the focus on polling data and public perception instead of candidate policy

Question 62

agenda setting

Answer 62

describes the way media attempts to influence viewers and establish a hierarchy of new prevalence

Question 63

investigative reporting

Answer 63

the unveiling of matters that are concealed either deliberately by someone in a position of power, or accidentally behind a chaotic mass of facts and circumstances.

Question 64

from what media source do most Texans now get their news

Answer 64

electronic media, radio, FB, TikTok, etc

Question 65

what ideology have Texas newspapers generally supported

Answer 65

conservative candidates

Question 66

which amendment to the U.S. constitution protects freedom of the press

Answer 66

1st amendment

Question 67

who owns the media today

Answer 67

6 cooperations

Question 68

which demographic groups are more likely to use social media

Answer 68

67% of people ages 18-29 use Instagram. 47% of people ages 30-49 Instagram. 23% of people ages 50-64 use Instagram. 8% of people that are 65+years old use Instagram

Question 69

how might this have an impact on political participation rates among these groups

Answer 69

there are many factors that affect political participation, education, gender, age, and family are some of them, the family factor is an importance that the individual has been in since he was born