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government exam 1 chpt 1,2,3 > test 1 review 1,2,3 U.S. Gov > Flashcards

test 1 review 1,2,3 U.S. Gov Flashcards

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1
Q

anarchism

A

a political philosophy that opposes gov in any form

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2
Q

capitalism

A

the system of gov that favors free enterprise

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3
Q

communism

A

a political system in which in theory ownership of all land and production facilities is in the hands of the people and all goods are equally shared. the production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian gov

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4
Q

communitarians

A

those who are willing to use gov to promote both order and equality

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5
Q

conservatives

A

those who are willing to use gov to promote order but not equality

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6
Q

democratic socialism

A

a socialist form of gov that guarantees civil liberties such as freedom of speech and religion. citizens determine the extent of gov activity through free elections and competitive political parties

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7
Q

freedom from

A

immunity, as in freedom from want

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8
Q

freedom of

A

an absence of constraints on behavior as in freedom of speech or freedom of religion

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9
Q

globalization

A

the increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world

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10
Q

government

A

the legitimate use of force to control human behavior, also the organization or agency authorized to exercise that force

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11
Q

laissez faire

A

an economic doctrine that opposes any form of gov intervention in business

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12
Q

liberalism

A

the belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual pursuits

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13
Q

liberals

A

those who are willing to use gov to promote equality but not order

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14
Q

libertarianism

A

a political ideology that is opposed to all gov action except as necessary to protect life and property

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15
Q

libertarians

A

those who are opposed to using gov to promote either order or equality

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16
Q

national sovereignty

A

a political entity’s externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs

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17
Q

order

A

established ways of social behavior, maintaining order is the oldest purpose of gov

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18
Q

police power

A

the authority of a gov to maintain order and safeguard citizens health, morals, safety and welfare

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19
Q

political equality

A

equality in political decision making one vote per person, with all votes counted equally

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20
Q

political ideology

A

a consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of gov

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21
Q

public goods

A

benefits and services such as parks and sanitation

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22
Q

rights

A

the benefits of gov to which every citizen is entitled

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23
Q

social equality

A

equality in wealth, education and status

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24
Q

socialism

A

a form of rule in which the central gov plays a strong role in regulating the existing private industry and directing the economy

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25
totalitarianism
a political philosophy that advocates unlimited power for the gov to enable it to control all sectors of society
26
equality of opportunity
same chances and same results
27
equality of outcome
all people have about the same material wealth, income or lives are alike
28
according to Thomas Hobbes, what is the proper objective of gov
to obey the sovereign in all mattes in exchange for a guarantee of peace and security
29
what is the state of nature
the gov either have not or cannot give consent, so they remain in the state of nature
30
since when has the gov role in redistributing income to promote economic equal become a major source of debate in the US
since the great depression
31
autocracy
a system of gov in which the power to govern is concentrated in the hands of one individual
32
democracy
a system of gov in which in theory the people rule either directly or indirectly
33
democratization
a process of transition as a country attempts to move from an authoritarian form of gov to a democratic one
34
e-government
online communication channels that enable citizens to easily obtain information from gov and facilities the expression of opinions to gov officials
35
elite theory
the view that a small group of people actually makes most of the important gov decisions
36
majoritarian model of democracy
the classical theory of democracy in which gov by the people is interpreted as gov by the majority of the people
37
majority rule
the principle basic to the procedural democratic theory is that the decision of a group must reflect the preference of more than half of those participating a simple majority
38
minority rights
the benefits of gov that cannot be denied to any citizen by majority decisions
39
oligarchy
a system of gov in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few people
40
participatory democracy
a system of gov where rank-and-file citizens rule themselves rather than electing representatives to govern on their behalf
41
pluralist model of democracy
an interpretation of democracy in which gov by the people is taken to mean gov by the people operating through competing interest groups
42
procedural democratic theory
a view of democracy as being embodied in a decision-making process that involves universal participation, political equality, majority rule and responsiveness
43
representative democracy
a system of gov where citizens elect public officials to govern on their behalf
44
responsiveness
a decision making principle, necessitated by representative gov that implies that elected representatives should do what the majority of people wants
45
substantive democratic theory
the view that democracy is embodied in the substance of gov policies rather than in the policy-making procedure
46
universal participation
the concept that everyone in a democracy should participate in gov decision making
47
initiative referendum
allows citizens of many US states to place new legislation or to place legislation that has recently been passed by a legislature on a ballot for a popular vote
48
what do conservatives strongly favor
strong action in areas they believe to be within gov legitime jurisdiction, particularly national defense and law enforcement
49
what do liberals strongly favor
more gov intervention in order to promote social and eco equality
50
where does the term democracy come from
greek. demos = whole citizens and kratos = power
51
what is the procedural view of democracy is most concerned with
centering of the electoral process as the basis of democratic legitimacy is often contrasted with substantive or participatory democracy
52
why do most democracies give power to representatives than directly to citizens
bringing large numbers of citizens together for discussions and votes is different
53
an important problem with the procedural view of democracy is that it can clash with
minority right s
54
what model of democracy does the US fulfill
our gov is elected by citizens
55
the constitution
defines the fundamental law of the US federal gov setting forth the 3 principal branches of the federal gov and outlining their jurisdictions
56
articles of Conferderation
the compact among the 13 original states that established the first gov of the US
57
bill of right
the first ten amendments of the constitution.
58
checks and balances
a gov structure that gives each branch some scrutiny of and control over the other branches
59
confederation
a loose association of independent states that agree to cooperate on specific matters
60
declaration of independence
drafted by Thomas Jefferson the doc that proclaimed the right of the colonies to separate from great Britain
61
electoral college
a body of electors chosen by voters to cast ballots for president and president
62
enumerated powers
the powers explicitly granted to congress by the constitution
63
executive branch
the law enforcing branch of gov
64
extraordinary majority
a majority greater than the minimum of 50% plus one
65
federalism
the division of power between a cental gov and regional gov
66
great compromise
submitted by the Connecticut delegation to the constitutional convention, and thus also known as the Connecticut compromise
67
implied powers
those powers that congress needs to execute its enumerated powers
68
judicial branch
the law interpreting branch of gov
69
legislative branch
the lawmaking branch of gov
70
necessary and proper clause
the last clause in section 8 of article 1, of the constitution which gives congress the means to execute its enumerated powers
71
new jersey plan
submitted by the head of the new jersey delegation to the constitutional convention, a set of nine resolutions that would have in effect preserved the articles of confederation by amending rather than replacing them
72
republic
a gov without a monarch, a gov rooted in the consent of the governed whose power is exercised by elected representatives responsible to the governed
73
republicanism
a form of gov in which power resides in the people and is exercised by their elected representatives
74
separation of powers
the assignment of lawmaking law enforcement and law interpreting functions to separate branches of gov
75
social contract theory
the belief that the people agree to set up rulers for certain purposes and thus have the right to resist or remove rulers who act against those purposes
76
supremacy clause
the clause of article VI of the constitution that asserts that national laws take precedence over state and local laws when they conflict
77
Virginia plan
a set of proposals for a new gov submitted to the constitutional convention of 1787. included separation of the gov into 3 branches division of the legislature into 2 houses and proportional representation in the legislative
78
which doc proclaimed we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights
declaration of independence
79
the plan presented at the connotational convention generally favored by large states was
called the Virginia plan
80
what 4 political principles did the founders use in the constitution
federalism, limited gov, popular sovereignty, republicanism, checks and balances, and separation of powers
81
explain the difference between enumerated and implied powers
enumerated powers are those expressly granted to congress by the constitution implied powers enable the federal gov to carry out tasks outlined by the enumerated powers

government exam 1 chpt 1,2,3 (4 decks)

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