Governing the Global Environment Flashcards
Anthropocene
human behaviour has a decisive impact on the whole earth system
-links between environment, people, health, conflict, habitat, economic development, resource management, intergenerational justice
Global commons
unowned resources of the earth
Tragedy of the commons
At a global level concern about the commons has become one of the prominent issues confronting global community
Why global commons issues are difficult?
Resources are not owned
Resources are shared between 2 or more states
Transboundary externalities
Environmental conditions and practices have reproductions for other areas of social, economic, or political affairs
Environment and National Societies
-originated most part within national societies
-Conversation started early 20th century, to preserve species ad vulnerable land
-Response of government
-local efforts insufficient, environmental consciousness increased and so the demand for effective measures of GG
Rachel Carson ‘the silent spring’
The observation of Speth and Hass
-Individual efforts, green peace
-Early 70s, conditions for political response were ripe
-Work of scientists and advocates built awareness
-Carsons raised public awareness of the harmful effects of the pesticides on land life
What was the silent spring?
-Challenged the chemical companies and how their products are being used
-Called to change in perspective and for recognition are intimately connected to their natural environment
-Indigenous view to environment
The launch of Global Negotiates
-The launch of global negotiates at UN
-The Stockholm conference of the UN conference on the Human environment first Intel conference ever held of biosphere to address collective environmental issues
Stockholm Conference , UNEP
-High participation in Stockholm Conference.
-Setting up the UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program)
Brundolt Commission
-1970-1980 some UN agencies assume responsibility for mentoring environmental practices
-Major environmental governance initiative: the UN decision to convene a World Commission on Environment and Development
-Under the direction of Norwegian Prime minister
Montreal Protocol
-Conference in Montreal under the auspices of the UNGA
-The depletion of the Ozone layer
-Kofi Annan Statement
The Rio Conference, UNCED, the Earth Summit
-An achievement on the road to effective governance of global environment
-Addressed the climate change
-An attempt to catalyse gov and civil society
Climate change, Kyoto and an Uncertain future, IPCC
-Climate change as an act of aggression by the rich against the poor
-The intergovernmental panel on climate change, IPCC
-UNEP aimed that the body would provide policy relevant reports and advice that would easily feed in to the governance process
Environmental Governance
-Framework of Environmental Governance, EG, is diverse but fragmented (organisational fragmentation)
-Look at Number of governance mechanisms, including treaties and protocols
-Issues of coordination and effective coherence
-UN as the core environmental org struggle, governance incoherence
-Lack of any central authority within the EG regime
-Negotiations fatigue
-Figures speak volume
EG setbacks and challenges
-Lots of negotiations, little actions
-Intense need for effective global governance mechanisms
