GOVT Exam 3 Flashcards
(12 cards)
How are political parties organized in Texas? What does “open at the bottom” mean?
Parties are built from local grassroots. “Open at the bottom” means ordinary voters have influence through local conventions and delegate selection.
What’s the difference between proportional representation and single-member districts?
Proportional = multiple parties win seats based on vote share. Single-member = only one winner per district, favoring two-party systems.
Why has Texas been a one-party state, and how is conflict managed?
Historically one dominant party (first Democrats, now Republicans). Internal party factions allow political debate and conflict resolution.
What is redistricting? What is gerrymandering?
Redistricting = redrawing districts after the census. Gerrymandering = drawing districts to benefit a party. It’s partisan because legislatures often control the process.
What is the Electoral College and how can it differ from the popular vote?
States have electors based on Congress seats. Candidate with most electors wins—even if they lose the national popular vote due to state-by-state system.
What was Buckley v. Valeo? What are PACs and Super PACs?
Court said campaign spending is free speech. PACs donate to campaigns with limits. Super PACs spend unlimited amounts but independently. Individuals have donation limits.
What is the difference between “outdoors” and “indoors” political participation?
Outdoors = protests, activism. Indoors = voting, lobbying. Outdoor actions influence change by creating pressure and public attention.
What demographic traits are linked to voting? What’s the strongest predictor?
Age, education, income, race. Education is the strongest—more education = higher likelihood to vote due to awareness and civic engagement.
What are both sides of the Voter ID debate?
Support: prevents fraud. Oppose: suppresses turnout, especially among minorities. Reforms: automatic registration, early voting, mail ballots.
What are PIE, PO, and PIG in political parties?
PIE: Party in the Electorate (voters).
PO: Party Organization (leaders, committees).
PIG: Party in Government (elected officials).
What’s the difference between a plurality and majority system?
Plurality = most votes wins. Majority = must get 50%+. Primaries usually use plurality due to many candidates.
What are 3 goals of election campaigns and 2 strategies? Why do incumbents have the edge?
Goals: name recognition, frame issues, mobilize voters. Strategies: ads, targeted outreach. Incumbents benefit from recognition and resources.
