GP Flashcards
Lower UTI in non-pregnant women: tx:
trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin for 3 days
send a culture if haematuria
what might contraindicate nitrofurantoin in an elderly patient with a UTI?
renal function
what type of drug is baclofen?
GABA agonist
what is baclofen used for?
treat spasticity in MS/CP
what is Actinic keratosis (AK)?
most common precancer that forms on skin damaged by chronic exposure to UV sun rays. Higher risk for skin cancer, AKs can develop into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
causes of COPD?
smoking Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency cadmium coal cotton cement grain
which conditions does COPD umbrella encompass?
chronic bronchitis
emphysema
which investigations should be done to investigate ?COPD?
post-bronchodilator spirometry
chest x-ray
FBC (exclude secondary polycythaemia)
BMI
what are the features of COPD on a chest X-Ray?
hyperinflation
bullae
flat hemidiaphragm
if COPD - what will post-brinchodilator spirometry show?
airflow obstruction: FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70%
how is COPD staged?
FEV1*
what will the FEV1% of predicted value be in each category of COPD?
all FEV1/FVC <0.7 FEV1: >80% - stage 1 - mild 50-79% - 2 - moderate 30-49% - 3 severe <30% - 4 - very severe
general stable COPD management?
smoking cessation
influenza vaccine annual
pneumococcal vaccine one-off
pulmonary rehab - PT (>stage 3)
management of COPD principles:
SABA/SAMA
LABA/LAMA
+ICS
commonest bacterial causes of COPD exacerbations:
Haemophilus influenzae (most common cause)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
