Gr 7 Unit D Test (Section 1-2)

Question 1

What are the 3 types of basic structural forms?

Answer 1

Solid structure, frame structure, and shell structure

Question 2

What is a solid structure?

Answer 2

Structure formed by a solid piece or combination of pieces. Made of strong materials, has little or no space inside

Question 3

What is a frame structure?

Answer 3

Structure made of a rigid arrangement of parts OR structural components fastened together

Question 4

What is a shell structure?

Answer 4

Structure with a solid outer surface and a hollow inner area

Question 5

What is an example of a solid structure?

Answer 5

A concrete parking barrier, a table, etc.

Question 6

What is an example of a frame structure?

Answer 6

A skeleton, volleyball net, etc.

Question 7

What is an example of a shell structure?

Answer 7

A bowl, a bird’s nest, etc.

Question 8

What is influences the design of a structure?

Answer 8

Climate, culture, tradition, technology and economics (I don’t think he went over this but it’s on the study guide. Also function influences design)

Question 9

Structures can be natural or ________.

Answer 9

Man-made

Question 10

What are aesthetics?

Answer 10

The pleasing appearance or effect that an object has because of its design

Question 11

What is a structure’s function?

Answer 11

What the structure is made to do

Question 12

What were houses originally built for?

Answer 12

Protection but they were also built to be portable

Question 13

What is force?

Answer 13

Force is a push or pull that tends to cause an object to change its movement or shape

Question 14

What does the force on a structure depend on?

Answer 14

The magnitude, or size of the force
The direction of the force
The location where the force is applied

Question 15

The bigger a force’s _______, the stronger it is

Answer 15

The bigger a force’s magnitude, the stronger it is

Question 16

What is a Newton?

Answer 16

A unit for measuring force

Question 17

How many grams could you carry with 1 Newton?

Answer 17

100g

Question 18

What is an external force?

Answer 18

A force that is applied on a structure by something else (that is out of the system)

Question 19

What is mass?

Answer 19

The amount of matter in an object

Question 20

The more _____ an object has, the greater the gravitational force.

Answer 20

The more mass an object has, the greater the gravitational force

Question 21

What is the center of gravity?

Answer 21

The imaginary point in an object where the downward force of gravity acts. (basically the middle)

Question 22

To increase a structure’s stability, increase the ____ of the _____.

Answer 22

To increase a structure’s stability, increase the width of the base

Question 23

What is symmetry?

Answer 23

The balanced arrangement of mass on opposite sides of a line or plane, or around a centre or axis

Question 24

What is a load?

Answer 24

An external force on a structure. (something a structure has to carry?)

Question 25

What is a static/dead load?

Answer 25

A non-moving load

Question 26

What is a dynamic load?

Answer 26

A load that moves or changes with time

Question 27

What 2 conditions do engineers take into consideration when deciding which bridge to build?

Answer 27

What the bridge is crossing over (water or land) | What kind of loads the bridge will be supporting

Question 28

What are performance requirements?

Answer 28

The conditions a structure must meet after it is built to show it is performing to certain standards (certain number of people, withstand high winds, etc.)

Question 29

What is an internal force?

Answer 29

A force that one part of a structure exerts on other parts of the same structure (ex. palms pressing together)

Question 30

What is compression?

Answer 30

A force that acts to squeeze an object or push parts within an object together

Question 31

What is tension?

Answer 31

A force that acts to stretch and pull apart something

Question 32

What is shear?

Answer 32

A force that acts to push parts that are in contact with each other in opposite directions (ex. sliding your hands together to stay warm)

Question 33

What are complimentary forces?

Answer 33

When different kinds of internal forces act on a structure at the same time (ex. bending - compression on inside edge, tension on outside edge)

Question 34

What is the strongest shape?

Answer 34

A triangle

Question 35

Which is stronger: a curved structure or a flat structure?

Answer 35

A curved structure

Question 36

Why can an arch support a large load?

Answer 36

The force of the load is carried down through the arch to the foundation

Question 37

What is a beam?

Answer 37

A flat structure that is supported at each end

Question 38

Is an I-beam stronger or weaker than a solid beam?

Answer 38

Stronger

Question 39

What are girders/ box beams?

Answer 39

Long beams in the shape of hollow rectangular prisms

Question 40

What is a truss?

Answer 40

Framework of beams joined together (usually in triangles)

Question 41

What is a cantilever?

Answer 41

A beam that is only supported on one end

Question 42

What is a column?

Answer 42

A solid structure that can stand by itself. (It can support beams. Columns vertical, Beams horizontal.)

Question 43

What is structural stress?

Answer 43

Something that occurs if the combination of external and internal forces acting on a structure weaken it

Question 44

What is structural fatigue?

Answer 44

A permanent change in a structure caused by internal forces such as compression, tension and shear

Question 45

What is structural failure?

Answer 45

It occurs when a structure can no longer stand up to the forces acting on it. (Basically collapse)

Question 46

What is/ how do you find out the strength of a structure?

Answer 46

The strength of a structure is determined by the weight at which it fails