Gr.9 Science Flashcards
(37 cards)
Define a pure substance and a mixture, then give an example for each.
Pure substance: A substance made from one atom, molecule, or compound (ex: Helium)
Mixture: made of two or more particles that are not chemically combined (ex: Chocolate Milk)
Define Adhesion and Cohesion, then give an example for each.
Adhesion: A property that makes a substance stick to others (ex: Tape)
Cohesion: A property that makes something stick to itself (ex: Mercury)
Define a Chemical Change and a Physical Change, and give an example for each.
Chemical Change: A reaction that results in the production of new substances (ex: Rusting of metal)
Physical Change: Alters the form or appearance without changing chemical composition (ex: Making Chocolate Milk)
Define Density and Mass and give an example for each.
Density: How much Mass is in a certain Volume (ex: Pool Noodles have a small density)
Mass: The amount of Matter in an object (ex: My mass is 59kg)
What are the charges and masses of the 3 subatomic particles? (proton, neutron, electron)
Proton charge: +1
Proton mass: 1836
Neutron charge: 0
Neutron mass: 1837
Electron charge: -1
Electron mass: 1
Define the two categories of pure substances (Elements, Compounds) and give an example for each.
Element: Contains one particle (ex: Oxygen)
Compounds: 2 or more chemically combined Elements (ex: Water (H20))
Define Homogenous and Heterogenous mixtures, and give an example of each.
Homogeneous: Parts of mixture look the same (ex: Chocolate Milk)
Heterogeneous: Parts of mixture look different (ex: Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough)
Give the equations to find Density, Volume, and Mass.
Density: D=m/V
Volume: V=m/D
Mass: m=DxV
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the four types of base pairs for DNA?
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G) (ATCG for short)
What are the 5 stages of mitosis?
Describe each.
Interphase- Centrioles become visible, Chromosomes duplicate.
Prophase- Nuclear envelope dissolves, Chromosomes become visible, Centrioles move to poles.
Metaphase- Chromosomes line up, Spindle fibers formed.
Anaphase- Cell elongates, Centrioles pull Chromosomes.
Telophase- Cells split into 2 cells.
In mitosis, Compare the parent and daughter cells.
They are completely identical.
What are the two different types of tumours? Define each.
Benign and malignant tumours both grow fast and crowd organs, but malignant tumours can spread along your body, and are cancerous.
What is a difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells are always square, while animal cells are round.
List and describe 4 methods of asexual reproduction
Binary Fission: Division via Mitosis or DNA duplication.
Parthenogenesis: Both fertilized and unfertilized eggs make a new organism.
Vegetative Reproduction: By cutting off part of a plant or using a runner stem, no seed is needed.
Fragmentation: When a part of the body is cut off, new parts grow from both ends.
Name two advantages to sexual and asexual reproduction.
Sexual: Genetic variation, Adaptation
Asexual: Helps create disease resistance, Solves food shortages
Label parts of a flower. Name the three female parts and the two male parts.
Stigma (Female, Tip of flower)
Style (Female, Shaft below stigma)
Ovary (Female, Round, Below Shaft)
Anther (Male, Sprouts from outside of Ovary)
Filament (Male, top of anther)
Sepal (Provides support)
What is the difference between cross pollination and self pollination? Which is sexual, and which is asexual?
Self pollination: When pollen transfers from the anther to the same flower or plant (Asexual)
Cross pollination: When pollen transfers to another flower of a different plant (Same species (Sexual))
Compare mitosis and Meiosis.
When does our body use them?
Mitosis: Chromosome pairs formed, 5 stages, creates 2 identical cells. Used in healing body, replacing dead cells (reproduction), Diploid cells
Meiosis: Chromosome tetrads formed, 9 stages, creates 4 different cells. Used in sexual reproduction, Haploid cells.
How many chromosomes do healthy humans have?
46
What is a fertilized cell called?
Zygote
What is a karyotype?
A picture of your chromosomes lined up from largest to smallest.
What are the sex cells in males and the sex cells in females called?
Female:XX
Male:XY
What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
Genotype: Your gene combinations, cannot be seen.
Phenotype: Your traits based on genes, can be seen.