Gram - Flashcards
(27 cards)
What family do Gram-negative bacilli belong to?
Enterobacteriaceae
This family includes various pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria commonly found in the intestinal tract.
What are the general characteristics of Gram-negative bacilli?
Commonly found in nature, inhabit the intestinal tract, facultative anaerobe or aerobe, pathogenic with encapsulation and toxin production
These characteristics help identify and differentiate Gram-negative bacilli in clinical settings.
What does the IMViC test stand for?
Indole, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer, and Citrate test
This set of tests is used to differentiate members of the Enterobacteriaceae family.
What is the common name for Escherichia coli?
Colon bacillus/traveller’s diarrhea
E. coli is a common bacterium in the gastrointestinal tract, but certain strains can cause illness.
What specialized structures are found in Escherichia coli?
Fimbriae, Pili, Capsule
These structures aid in adherence and virulence.
Where is Escherichia coli normally found?
Gastrointestinal Tract; colonize vagina and urethra
E. coli is a normal part of the gut flora but can lead to infections in other areas.
What morphological characteristic is notable for Escherichia coli on EMB agar?
Greenish metallic sheen
This characteristic helps in identifying lactose fermenters.
What are the IMViC test results for Escherichia coli?
+ + - -
These results indicate its fermentation and indole production capabilities.
What is another name for Vibrio cholerae?
Comma bacillus
Vibrio cholerae is known for causing cholera, characterized by severe diarrhea.
What is the notable symptom associated with Vibrio cholerae infection?
Rice water stool
This symptom is a hallmark of cholera infection.
What specialized structure does Vibrio cholerae have?
Flagella
The flagella allow for motility, which is important for its pathogenicity.
What are the TSI test results for Vibrio cholerae?
A/A; ferment glucose and sucrose
This indicates that Vibrio cholerae can ferment these sugars.
What is the common name for Salmonella typhosa?
Eberth bacillus
Salmonella typhosa is primarily known for causing typhoid fever.
What disease is associated with Salmonella typhosa?
Enteric fever / typhoid fever
Typhoid fever is a serious systemic infection caused by Salmonella typhosa.
What specialized structure does Salmonella typhosa possess?
Flagella
Flagella contribute to its motility and ability to invade host tissues.
What are the TSI test results for Salmonella typhosa?
K/A, no gas and with H₂S
These results indicate its non-fermentative capabilities and hydrogen sulfide production.
What is the common name for Klebsiella pneumoniae?
Friedlander’s bacillus
Klebsiella pneumoniae is known for causing pneumonia and other infections.
What specialized structure is found in Klebsiella pneumoniae?
Capsule
The capsule enhances its virulence by inhibiting phagocytosis.
What are the TSI test results for Klebsiella pneumoniae?
A/A with gas
This indicates lactose fermentation with gas production.
What is the common name for Shigella dysenteriae?
Shiga’s bacillus
Shigella dysenteriae is responsible for bacillary dysentery.
What does Shigella dysenteriae cause?
Shigellosis, Bacillary Dysentery
This infection is characterized by severe diarrhea and abdominal pain.
What specialized structures are present in Shigella dysenteriae?
Capsule, Pili, Fimbriae
These structures aid in adherence to the intestinal epithelium.
What are representative organisms of Gram-negative cocci?
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae: gonorrhea
- Neisseria meningitidis: meningitis and meningococcemia
- Moraxella catarrhalis: otitis media, acute sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia
These organisms are clinically significant and can cause various infections.
What is the common name for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Gonococcus
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea.
