Spiral

Question 1

General Morphology:
helically coiled organisms
consisting of protoplasmic cylinder intertwined with 1 or more axial fibrils/filaments
Gram(-), stain will aniline dyes

Answer 1

Family: SPIROCHAЕТАСEАЕ
Genus: TREPONEMA

Question 2

Stain of a histologic section of placenta from a patient with congenital syphilis. The tight spiral coils of the spirochete are clearly evident.
Treponema pallidum

Answer 2

Warthin-Starry stain

Question 3

Antibody test for syphilis
Detect Treponema organisms
(+) reaction indicates the presence of antibodies

Answer 3

WASSERMAN TEST

Question 4

Test for syphilis in which an antibody is present in the serum of a patient
The presence of complement causes the immobilization of Treponema pallidum

Answer 4

TPI – Treроnemа Pallidum Immobilization test

Question 5

a serological non treponemal antigen test since they do not detect antibodies produced against the spirochete itself but detects reagin-type of antibodies
reagin-type antibodies are apparently a response to lipid materials the body forms as an indirect reaction to infection by the spirochete

Answer 5

VDRL test
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test

Question 6

Why is it difficult to prevent transmission of the causative agent of gonorrhea and syphilis?

Answer 6

Symptoms are not seen and determined by the person infected
Organisms are resistant to antibiotics
Target cells of the mucous membrane of the skin are so easily spread from one organ to another

Question 7

Are all STDs caused by bacteria?

Answer 7

No. it has many different causative agents
Virus: HIV, HPV, herpes
Bacteria: gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, chlamydia
Fungi: candidiasis
Parasites: scabies
Protozoans: Trichomoniasis

Question 8

Gram (-) spirochete in corkscrew shape in clusters or singles
Specialized structure: axial filament

Answer 8

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 9

stain of peripheral blood demonstrates Borrelia spp. dramatically. If the diagnosis is suspected, this technique, which may be more sensitive than Giemsa or Wright’s stains, may be used.

Answer 9

Acridine orange stain

Question 10

General Morphology:
members are helically curved
with less than 1 turn to many turns, motile w/ corkscrew motion, polar flagellation
G(-), stained by Giemsa or Wright stain

Answer 10

Family: SPIRILLAСEАЕ
Genus: SPIRILLUM

Question 11

Gram (-) vibrio or comma shaped in singles
Specialized structure:
flagella

Answer 11

Vibrio comma

Question 12

Gram (-) spirilla in singles or in pair
Specialized structure:
flagella

Answer 12

Spirillum volutans